Macos catalina kvm WSL2 With GUI. 15. sudo zypper in qemu-tools qemu-kvm qemu-x86 qemu-audio-pa python3-pip # for openSUSE Tumbleweed sudo dnf install qemu qemu-img python3 python3-pip # for Fedora sudo Aug 12, 2021 · I'm facing a MacOS Catalina (10. Go ahead, and install macOS 🙌 (OPTIONAL) Use this macOS VM disk with libvirt (virt-manager / virsh stuff). OpenCore disk image for running macOS VMs on Proxmox/QEMU. I have both linux and windows VMs and the sound config in libvirt manager is the same as that for the mac VM so I'm a bit stuck. 2 19C39d 2019-11-15 macOS Catalina Beta 7 061-77704 10. Everything's seems to be working aside from iMessage and FaceTime. Mac OS X High Sierra 10. Before starting the installation of macOS Catalina on Linux, it is worth noting a few important things: 由于最近某些测试需要在 Mac OS X 上做，但是手头上又没有苹果电脑，怎么办？有人很快会想到黑苹果，这倒是个不错的主意，可是并不是什么电脑都能安装上的。 我这儿一堆的烂机器，装个 Windows 还能凑合用用，但黑… Você pode querer verificar também Sosumi, um pacote snap que facilita o download e instalação do MacOS Catalina em uma máquina virtual no Linux, que também usa QEMU + KVM e é baseado no macos-simple-kvm. I tried 2) Reinstall. OpenCore imo is worlds better than Clover, both in design and functionality - but you could Like many people, I began with general purpose KVM Hackintosh repositories such as: kholia/OSX-KVM: Run macOS on QEMU/KVM. Easy to Set up and Use. Contribute to kmille36/MacOS-Catalina-KVM-Preinstall development by creating an account on GitHub. anarchylinux. Aug 4, 2020 · This tutorial for installing macOS Catalina using OpenCore has been adapted for Proxmox from Kholia’s OSX-KVM project and Leoyzen’s OpenCore configuration for KVM. Go ahead, and install macOS 🙌. With OpenCore + Monterey + Ventura + Sonoma support now! Only commercial (paid) support is available now to avoid spammy issues. You are all set! 🙌 (OPTIONAL) Use this macOS VM disk with libvirt (virt-manager / virsh stuff). and two other QEMU disks. /fetch-macOS-v2. Now with macOS Sequoia support! - Supported Guest OSes · Coopydood/ultimate-macOS-KVM Wiki @danarteaga hmm, try completely deleting the OneClick-macOS-Simple-KVM folder and re-download it from github. - Paradise6:04 heytheremylove. Ich hab das mal stur nach folgendem Video-Tut mit 'FileZilla' probiert: Jun 10, 2020 · This tutorial for installing macOS Catalina using OpenCore has been adapted for Proxmox from Kholia’s OSX-KVM project and Leoyzen’s OpenCore configuration for KVM. cd OSX-KVM 下载macOS镜像. Jul 11, 2020 · Restore from . Usando questo, sarai in grado di installare macOS in una macchina virtuale QEMU (tramite Docker) ed eseguire il desktop macOS Catalina o Big Sur o avviare la shell OSX. OneClick macOS Simple KVM. Vale a pena notar que Sosumi não foi atualizado desde o momento em que foi lançado pela primeira vez. 15, and takes its name from Santa Catalina Island in southern California. - macOS-Simple-KVM/README. com/foxlet/macOS-Simple-KVM. Dec 6, 2019 · Downloads: https://www. - sickcodes/Docker-OSX Pre-made Catalina system by Run macOS on QEMU/KVM. iso files to the Proxmox ISO library; Log into the ProxMox web UI; Right click the ProxMox node name > Create VM Mar 19, 2024 · If you don’t want to use the snap package, you have an alternative – macOS-Simple-KVM, a set of tools for configuring a macOS Catalina virtual machine in QEMU (KVM). That’s it finish setting up macOS Catalina and enjoy running macOS in a Docker container on your Linux machine. mac os install - virtual machine manager - IMMEDIATE HELP=PAYPAL #247. This should bring you to the OVMF configuration menu. Mar 24, 2024 · Updated OpenCore to 0. The specs are: Ryzen 7 3700x 32GB Ram AMD RX 570 for macOS GTX 1070 for Gaming The Laptop runs macOS Sierra and it's an Thinkpad x220 Dec 14, 2024 · 在Linux上运行macOS：深度解析OSX-KVM项目. A lot of the work was moving the qemu commands to libvirt. . OSX-KVM项目中提供了macOS镜像下载脚本，执行： sudo . Installation Tutorial. Oct 21, 2019 · @loren-osborn I can confirm that Barrier KVM is running on Mac OS Catalina (Server and Client) with Windows 10 Build 1909 However, performing the installation was a bit strange, the software did not want to connect at the beginning but when restarting both systems they connected. app downloaded via App Store or extracted using the InstallAssistant. sudo apt-get install qemu-system qemu-utils python3 python3-pip # for Ubuntu, Debian, Mint, and PopOS. Oct 3, 2022 · 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127. By @FoxletFox, and the help of many others. Run macOS on QEMU/KVM. 1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: enp7s0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link Jul 23, 2020 · Hello all, I am attempting to pass-through my Dell HD 7770 2GB graphics card into macOS Catalina. Type exit, hit enter. Use the Disk Utility tool within the macOS installer to partition, and format the virtual disk attached to the macOS VM. 5k次，点赞19次，收藏18次。OSX-KVM项目通过QEMU和KVM技术，实现了在现代Linux发行版上运行macOS的能力。该项目支持OpenCore引导器，并兼容Monterey、Ventura以及最新的Sonoma版本。对于需要在Linux环境中使用macOS的开发者，OSX-KVM提供了一种高效且可行的方案。 Mac OS running on QEMU-KVM (Pre-install 35GB). /OpenCore-Boot. md at master · foxlet/macOS-Simple-KVM I'm running the latest macOS catalina in QEMU. 0. TIP: Using a non-APFS filesystem is recommended. Hrm. Das hat hervorragend funktioniert! Leider bekomme ich es nicht hin Dateien zwischen der VM und linux mit 'FileZilla' zu teilen (Access denied). You are all set! 🙌. If you are new to installing macOS, see the older README for help. You can get the full sourcecode on my GitHub here . Edit macOS-libvirt-Catalina. 4 19E242d 2020-02-26 macOS Note: This same script works for Big Sur, Catalina, Mojave, and High Sierra. Join the Discord server for support and more! IMPORTANT 5/19/2022 - New website look! Hope you like it! 4/27/2022 - This repository used to be attached to macOS-Simple-KVM as a fork, but do to a number of reasons I have Aug 30, 2024 · Download KVM-Opencore for free. Tools to set up a easy, quick macOS VM in QEMU, accelerated by KVM. There is more documentation there which will help out with enabling extra features and diagnosing problems! Run macOS on QEMU/KVM. Now with macOS Sequoia support! - Coopydood/ultimate-macOS-KVM About. gitPassthrough post guide:https://passthroughpo. As you know, it is a proprietary code system, for Intel EM64T platforms and with a hybrid kernel known as XNU. iso Download; Download KVM OpenCore bootloader Download; Extract the downloaded KVM OpenCore bootloader . 7. Boot your VM, and press escape at the first UEFI dialog. org/https://rufus. Documentation to set up a simple macOS VM in QEMU, accelerated by KVM. This is version 10. Dec 7, 2021 · Using this, you'll be able to install macOS in a QEMU virtual machine (via Docker), and run the macOS Catalina, Big Sur or Monterey desktop, or boot to the OSX shell. 7G 的 apt 要 get 。透明代理真是太爽了！配合 IPLC 线路任何国外源都可以论秒拖完。我也许可以找个时间写个十分钟 PVE 创建 koolclash 软路由代理的记录文。 Apr 27, 2022 · Documentation to set up a simple macOS VM in QEMU, accelerated by KVM. Add a Comment. It is currently tested to boot macOS Catalina, Big Sur, and Monterey, but will likely macOS-Simple-KVM Documentation to set up a simple macOS VM in QEMU, accelerated by KVM. gz file; Upload the Catalina and KVM OpenCore . New. 0, added support for macOS 12 Monterey Developer Beta. The ESP32 is a series of low cost, low power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. Open peterandrewd opened this issue Jun 16, 2020 · 7 Use APFS (the default) for modern macOS versions. The only way to get acceleration in macOS is through PCIe passthrough, so this has a fairly visible effect. py 选择一个系统即可，该脚本会自动从Apple CDN下载macOS镜像，如果下载缓慢，请尝试断开代理并重新运行脚本尝试。 下载完毕后的macOS镜像为dmg格式，使用命令将其转为img格式 Just tested it and Simple-KVM works with the RX 550 too (after adding the appropriate -pci args ofc). 7) freeze after some time without user interaction activity. This is a fork of Leoyzen's OpenCore image for QEMU/KVM, which I've extended to add a build system for automatically building all of the required files from source code, and to keep up with the latest OpenCore changes. Preparation: How to Install macOS Catalina on Linux using Sosumi. The following command should do the trick usually. Bu sistem çekirdeği açık kaynaklıdır fakat çopu arabirim açık kaynaklı değildir. Everything works perfectly up until booting into macOS after installing, the GPU works well during install. 11. sh, -usb -device usb-kbd -device usb-mouse \ to -usb -device usb-kbd -device usb-tablet \ otherwise my mouse would skip out of the window on wrong places (like in the almost middle of it) Go ahead, and install macOS 🙌 TIP: Using a non-APFS filesystem is recommended. It is designed completely from the ground up for the new style introduced in Big Sur. UPDATED 3rd July 2020. Apr 14, 2021 · Tools to set up a quick macOS VM in QEMU, accelerated by KVM. Navigate to Device Configuration > OVMF Platform Features and set the resolution to the same value as your VM resolution. Mac OS X Mojave 10. I disabled the screen saver (set time to "never") and because it is a virtual machine I disabled also the computer and screen pause (set it t Note: This same script works for Big Sur, Catalina, Mojave, and High Sierra. Oct 8, 2019 · This tutorial for installing macOS Catalina has been adapted for Proxmox 6 from Kholia’s GitHub project for installing into vanilla KVM. 4 2020-05-04 macOS Note: This same script works for Big Sur, Catalina, Mojave, and High Sierra. 15 Catalina installed and working on a Hackintosh, just minutes after the Apple keynote ended. Mac OS chạy trên KVM (cài sẵn 35GB) \n-Note: cài trên github codespace giữ nguyên còn máy thật chỉnh dung lượng It is currently tested to boot macOS Catalina, Big Sur, and Monterey, but will likely also boot older versions of macOS. Best. macOS High Sierra Beta 6 061-86291 10. Top. Using QEMU and Kernel Virtual Machine KVM learn how to install and run Mac OS in Jun 23, 2020 · 这里大概有 1. Mar 15, 2024 · The offline way of installing macOS on KVM is bit different than the normal offline installer made under macOS using the . Then it says "select the disk where you want to install macOS", and proposes "macOS Base system". 15 Catalina inside VM. 7 and the ovirt 4. xml script from the xml file in OSX-KVM; OpenCore script . - foxlet/macOS-Simple-KVM Jan 28, 2023 · ich habe auf meinem Linux-Laptop spaßeshalber mal via 'macOS-Simple-KVM' von 'foxlet'* ein 'macOS Catalina' drauf gespielt. No Mac system is required. sudo xbps-install -Su qemu python3 python3-pip # for Void Linux. /boot Jul 3, 2021 · In this video I am running Mac OS Catalina inside QEMU on a linux host. 2) Reinstall MacOS 3)Get Help 4)Disk Utility; I tried 4) Disk Utility: it shows "macOS Base system" with size 2GB. # NOTE: make sure Qemu window is full size # NOTE: it took me 2x tries to get installer to work-press Enter to begin install-choose language-Disk Utility - Erase Target Disk # (QEMU HARDDISK -- mine improperly reported as 134GB)-erase-partition - name partition - click the circle on the left - click accept-Reinstall MacOS - continue & wait for install-Computer will fail to reboot-re-run . My aim is to enable macOS based educational tasks, builds + testing, kernel debugging, reversing, and macOS security research in an easy, reproducible manner without getting 'invested' in Apple's closed ecosystem (too heavily). Find this useful? You can donate on Coinbase or Paypal!. 3 2020-03-23 macOS Catalina 7 001-04366 10. GUI method (alternate - functional but needs further debugging work). UTM looks and feels like a Mac app with all the privacy and security features you expect as well. For macOS Catalina, use boot-macOS-Catalina. The only thing I prefer about OSX-KVM > Simple-KVM is the fact that it uses OpenCore as its chosen bootloader instead of Clover with S-KVM. The new operating system of Apple, macOS Catalina, is the one that will be used for the latest products of the Cupertino firm. macOS Catalina now runs on macOS-Simple-KVM! SUCCESS Share Sort by: Best. ie/https://github. On restart, select macOS to continue the installation. Setup and config took me a few days but now i coudnt be happier with the result. New to macOS and KVM? Check the FAQs. I simply intend to show you the kind of performance you can expect if you wish to set Jun 4, 2019 · Today, a talented OS X enthusiast and TPP community member had Mac OS X 10. This tutorial for installing macOS Catalina using OpenCore has been adapted for Proxmox from Kholia’s OSX-KVM project and Leoyzen’s OpenCore configuration for KVM. An advanced guide to run Mac OS / OS X / macOS on QEMU/KVM with libvirtd/Virt NVIDIA made their third-party Web drivers for cards up to the 10-series for macOS High Sierra (10. /jumpstart. Install mac on your windows 10 or 11 pc without hackintosh. See full list on computingforgeeks. X yani 10. xml file and change the various file paths (search for CHANGEME strings in that file). You'll need a Linux system with qemu (3. 4 2020-05-04 macOS Catalina 8 001-15219 10. Changed default SIP mode to fix macOS system updates not appearing (I recommend running csrutil enable --no-internal from the Recovery's Terminal for existing installs, the key is the --no-internal flag) Nested virtualisation is now possible, enabling VirtualBox, the Android emulator, or Docker to run inside the macOS guest (for Intel host CPUs only) I'm not sure which change fixed it, but this is the first time I've ever had HDMI/DP audio working with my passthrough R9 280X, and I had tried out a whole bunch of patches before this and never Jul 3, 2024 · 文章浏览阅读4. macOS-Simple-KVM. Then, the “Manage” button. 6. 1 or later), python3, pip and the KVM modules foxlet / macOS-Simple-KVM Public. The default installation uses macOS Catalina, but you can choose which version to get by adding either --high-sierra, --mojave, or --catalina. With OpenCore + Big Sur + Monterey support now! Only commercial (paid) support is available now to avoid spammy issues. And may be I don't want to replace my current operating system with macOS. st/new-an It is currently tested to boot macOS Catalina, Big Sur, and Monterey, but will likely also boot older versions of macOS. Although the images offered here should work on all QEMU/KVM distributions, I specifically build and test these for my Proxmox Hackintosh guide here: Sep 16, 2020 · Install worked OS boots and works The mouse, however, is REALLY jumpy. I dumped the VB Jul 10, 2021 · macOS-Clover-OC; macOS veya mackintosh OS, darwin tabanlı apple tarafından kullanılab bir işletim sistemidir. Unlike other free virtualization software, UTM was created for macOS and only for Apple platforms. Getting Started You’ll need a Linux system with qemu (3. Il progetto Docker-OSX fornisce quattro immagini Docker: sickcodes/docker-osx:latest – […] Run macOS on QEMU/KVM. Windows and Linux guests don't suffer from that problem due to support for the i440fx platform, but using macOS on it is problematic at best, hence why Q35 is preferred. Feb 24, 2020 · On Ubuntu 19, I had to change, in basic. The ESP32 series employs either a Tensilica Xtensa LX6, Xtensa LX7 or a RiscV processor, and both dual-core and single-core variations are available. Getting Started You'll need a Linux system with qemu (3. Open comment sort options. Download a MacOS Catalina . 4. 14. Also, if you are using a custom iso/img file, try using the one downloaded by the downloader. Old. Docker-OSX version: good to have a look, instantly run; Virt-Manager: import macOS-libvirt-Catalina. 3 ways to run. Edit macOS-libvirt-NG. mac OS X sistem hiyearaşisi aşağıdaki gibidir. Only commercial support is available. With OpenCore + Big Sur support now! Jan 26, 2020 · Linux users on Arch or Manjaro attempting to install macOS/OSX in VMWARE, or QEMU/KVM, will greatly benefit from this tutorial. For example: . 1 or later), python3, pip and the KVM modules Apr 24, 2020 · This tutorial for installing macOS Catalina using OpenCore has been adapted for Proxmox from Kholia’s OSX-KVM project and Leoyzen’s OpenCore configuration for KVM. The Docker-OSX project provides four Docker images: sickcodes/docker-osx:latest - original base recovery image using macOS Catalina Aug 19, 2022 · Browse for the “macOS-Simple-KVM” folder on your computer, and click on the “Select or create custom store” checkbox. Although the images offered here should work on all QEMU/KVM distributions, I specifically build and test these for my Proxmox Hackintosh guide here: 9. Despite the direct core graphics card, MacOS cannot drive it by default; The driver needs to be installed. (OPTIONAL) Use this macOS VM disk with libvirt (virt-manager / virsh stuff). I used Spaceinvade One's video to get started. Controversial. sh script. 13), but since Mojave Apple has refused to sign the kernel extensions which is required for the drivers to run on Mojave or Catalina. sudo pacman -S qemu python python-pip python-wheel # for Arch. Works on Linux AND Windows. Sep 8, 2022 · Hi everyone, I have installed Mac OS Catalina through Macinabox and so far everything is OK. With OpenCore + Big Sur + Monterey + Ventura support now! Only commercial (paid) support is available now to avoid spammy issues. UPDATE: I managed to set up a new macOS VM using awesome new tools like OpenCore and related kexts and repos like OSX-KVM and KVM-OpenCore and used all configurations which enabled Acceleration on my iGPU when installing a Vanilla macOS barely on the laptop. 13. pkg file. The following command should do the trick Get a KVM to switch. Oct 23, 2019 · I got everything but mouse and full keyboard support on centos 7. MacOS-Catalina-KVM-Preinstall \n. Nov 30, 2022 · I've got mac catalina up and running via KVM and all is well - apart from no sound. Commercial support is now available. And it's way easier to create a macOS KVM and we need a macOS VM anyway. What should i have to do there Dec 8, 2024 · Helping noobs and pros alike build the ultimate macOS virtual machine with easy automation, powered by KVM. Oct 8, 2019 · Just trying out that project https://github. Exit Disk Utility and and select Reinstall macOS . I have Dell optiplex 790 (with an Intel core i5 2500). 10. When the installation is finished, upon reboot select macOS to boot into macOS Catalina . - bloom. 12. May 23, 2021 · 最近OSX-KVMをまた導入する機会があったのですが、手順は多少変わっていました。この情報は古いです。が、一応残しておきます。基本的にOSX-KVMのReadme通りにやれば大丈夫でした。 あと、これをベースにしたDocker-OSXのほうが導入が楽です。 macOS-Simple-KVM Documentation to set up a simple macOS VM in QEMU, accelerated by KVM. Tools to set up a quick macOS VM in QEMU, accelerated by KVM. Still not super helpful, though—anything other than 1280x720 results in a garbled display in virt-manager; I can connect by VNC to it and get a clean display that way—but when I do, the VM itself still thinks its display is 1280x720. 在现代开发和测试环境中，能够在不同操作系统之间无缝切换是至关重要的。 Mac OS X Catalina 10. After clicking the “Manage” button, you’ll see a “Locate or create storage volume” pop-up window. - OSX-KVM/macOS-libvirt-Catalina. py 选择一个系统即可，该脚本会自动从Apple CDN下载macOS镜像，如果下载缓慢，请尝试断开代理并重新运行脚本尝试。 下载完毕后的macOS镜像为dmg格式，使用命令将其转为img格式 Mac OS running on QEMU-KVM (Pre-install 35GB)-Note: It will use all available free ram and CPUs. Its great within Mac OS X/MacOS but horrible in Windows or Linux since its missing needed software and hardware to let it work. Most of waiting time is cut out, this video is Jul 8, 2020 · OSX-KVM 安装备忘指南: Big Sur / Catalina 转载请附原文连接：https: 是的，OSX-KVM现在已经不需要一台可用的MAC OS X系统了。 Helping noobs and pros alike build the ultimate macOS virtual machine with easy automation, powered by KVM. I have catalina installed for my macOS but i want to upgrade to big sur, it downloads just fine, but when its time for the machine to upgrade and restart it just lingers forever, or i assume forever i cut it off after about 20 mins, the verbose text wasnt moving at all except for the first maybe 5-10 seconds. -How it works: Pre-install QCOW2 (128 GB disk space), connect with VNC at port 5900 macOS emulation qemu-kvm qemu osx kvm macos-installer hackintosh catalina-hackinotsh bigsur bigsur-hackintosh kernel-debugging macos-mojave virtualization monterey monterey-hackintosh ventura ventura-hackintosh sonoma-hackintosh Jul 26, 2024 · cd OSX-KVM 下载macOS镜像. A Mac is not required. The script is only for Ubuntu, Debian. Use APFS (the default) for modern macOS versions. 5 2020 OSX-KVM是一个开源项目，支持在Linux系统上创建和运行虚拟macOS环境。项目提供从High Sierra到Sonoma的多个macOS版本支持，包含详细安装指南和性能优化建议。主要用于教育、测试和研究，也可作为探索苹果生态系统的工具。项目注重合法使用，并提醒用户遵守相关许可协议。 Run near native OSX-KVM in Docker! X11 Forwarding! CI/CD for OS X Security Research! Docker mac Containers. His secret to success where others failed was the Linux kernel virtual machine. foxlet/macOS-Simple-KVM: Tools to set up a quick macOS VM in QEMU, accelerated by KVM. Ive used OS X/MacOS in a VM on my hackintosh and it works great-ish for a VM but Ive got a 8 core 16 thread CPU. I am using integrated graphics and seen a number of web posts re using a dedicated card. I end up with these garbled/corrupt graphics Docker-OSX è un progetto che fa funzionare macOS quasi nativo usando OSX-KVM all’interno di un contenitore Docker. I searched the issues, but didn't see anything related to this. Since I have an MSI Radeon HD7950 Twin Frozr GPU that I bought some time ago because it was among the few that did not suffer from the infamous RESET BUG I wanted to add it to Catalina VM. com Documentation to set up a simple macOS VM in QEMU, accelerated by KVM. With OpenCore + Big Sur support now! Only commercial (paid) support is available. Oct 13, 2020 · OSX-KVM 是一个可以在 QEMU/KVM 虚拟机中安装 macOS 系统的工具。 061-86291 10. By: notAperson. 1 or later), python3, pip and the KVM modules enabled. Getting Started Idk if my hardware is supported, I don't think so. sürümde bazı yeniliklerle değişikliğe uğramıştır. Documentation to get started is on the Github page, although feel free to ask any questions here as well. Q&A. 7:37 tzelun - see u soon9:05 Jay-Lounge - Sleepi, 视频播放量 4252、弹幕量 3、点赞数 41、投硬币枚数 18、收藏人数 67、转发人数 5, 视频作者 账号已注销, 作者简介 ，相关视频：极客湾：摄影师是少数可以无脑冲Mac的群体，macOS用盗版比Windows Designed for macOS. 3 repo for libvirt still using qemu 2. VM with Mac OS X/MacOS has always been weird. Nov 21, 2020 · Installez le dernier macOS Catalina gratuitement sur votre Linux via QEMU et KVM pour des performances quasi natives ! Jun 5, 2019 · macOS-Simple-KVM A quick way to set up a macOS VM in QEMU, accelerated by Linux's KVM. com/kholia/OSX-KVM for installing macOS 10. Sep 26, 2022 · No, I failed to run MacOS on KVM through gvt-d; At present, the problem may be due to the problem of DMA buf or core graphics card driver. Going backward and forward while trying to move in a given direction. 6 061-44345 10. But says "this disk is locked". sh Mac OS running on QEMU-KVM (Pre-install 35GB). xml at master · kholia/OSX-KVM Mac OS running on QEMU-KVM (Pre-install 35GB). sh --mojave 4. ueygb dtks bjnj bslbr dkb xprqg wda clri bkk hfsy iomln fxm zdolbl ippnfhle uen