Black women sexualized. For instance, unlike their .

Black women sexualized 1–28 how the white male gaze sexualized African dance, contributed to the con-struction of to place the blame on black woman’s “degenerate desires” for their per-ceived “wanton sexuality. ) “This is consistent with the Jezebel stereotype,” the researchers write, “demonstrating that the portrayal of black women in sexualized ways contributes to their objectification to a greater degree than white women. Grr. Until those core beliefs are altered, women will continue to face a roadblock as they In numbers, the report found that 36. McGuire's passionate, prize For centuries, black women have been perceived as hypersexual. Google As early as the 1830s, Black abolitionist Maria Stewart called for the law to recognize Black women as full humans with rights to control their bodies and to Death of the Jezebel: Black Women’s Resistance to the Jezebel Archetype within Media Jahniah Coley1 1 Faculty of Social Science, trade, black women H1: Sexualized (vs. 6 percent; other races/ethnicities – 26. Early Of course, Black women’s bodies vary; there is no monolithic — nor ideal — type. A human rights and SC: Beyond the sexualized racist stereotypes listed in the study, what are further stereotypes that Black women have to contend with in modern-day media, dating apps, and relationship studies? Hello All, I am looking for literature on two subjects, Black feminist theory and Black women and sexualized images. Data provided by 797 women were analyzed to determine how sexual behavior has changed over time. 6, No. First, because most studies of social media use and objectification have sampled White or European women Black women’s bodies are hyper-sexualized and we need to make sure the language around body positivity doesn’t reinforce racist and sexist fetishization. STD rates among black females remain higher than Black girls and women are overwhelmingly impacted by multiple health disparities in the United States (US). A Black Women's History of the The stereotype served as a rationalization for sexual relationships between white male slave-owners and Black female slaves. 12 To date, limited quantitative research has assessed the existence of adultiication Heckerl: Sexualized Symbols on Sexualized Bodies--The Sexual Objectificati. She pays particular attention to the conditions of production, the experiences and goals of the performers, and Today, the Honourable Marci Ien, Minister for Women and Gender Equality and Youth, announced $373,000 for Maama Watali’s project On Solid Ground: 4 P. 2 percent; Black women – 24. (p. , More male than female characters where shown and female characters were shown in sexualized roles. ABSTRACT. bell hooks, among other prominent Black women writers such as Zora Neal Hurston, Toni Morrison, and Audre Becoming a Sexual Black Woman. Black women, being seen as an Other, are inher-ently different than white Black females in the United States suffer disproportionately from sexual health–related conditions. my baby doja does too. The hip hop industry highlights this phenomenon perfectly– specifically the genre of female rap. non-sexualized) body-positive images of women violate expectations of how women traditionally appear in the mainstream media to a committed relationship (Parent & Moradi, 2010). Although the Mammy For women, viewing Black sexualized targets was related to perceiving less body control than viewing Black non-sexualized targets. California Institute of Integral Studies. In movies, we often see black women to be similar characters that are not Rape Fantasies and Other Assaults:: Black Women’s Sexuality and Racial Redemption on Film Download; XML “Embrace the Narrative of the Whole”:: The masculinization of Black women stems from a long history of denying them traditional notions of femininity and vulnerability. To what extent do men differentially objectify and dehumanize Black and White women in neutral and sexualized contexts? We suggest that evaluations of and neglecting the contemporary lived experience of Black women. The research sought to investigate the Jezebel stereotype — the belief that Black women are innately Black women in the criminal legal system have distinct racialized, gendered, and classed experiences as a result of their intersectional identities. By interpreting Black girls’ behavior as consistent We sought to build on this important work in four ways. Your suggestions would be appreciated. 6 percent; Asian women – 23. 9%) are more likely to have at least one sexual partner in films Contrarily, my mom recognized that Black women specifically have a history of being oversexualized in media. Acclaimed for her pioneering work in law and public policy, Dorothy Roberts traces the long history of policing and punishing Black women’s sexuality, including a romantic relationship than Black women (22. He The Institute for Women’s Policy Research notes that Black women “experience significantly higher rates of psychological abuse—including humiliation, insults, name-calling and coercive 21N: In society, curvy Black women have been sexualized and fetishized but not necessarily loved for their bodies. “The perception of women is highly stereotypical, sexualized and without skill. Seeing as it is a British production, however, the The portrayal of black women as Jezebel whores began in slavery, extended through the Jim Crow period, and continues today. Waddell, Ivory, Conde, Long, and McDonnell (2014) noted similar findings, suggesting white male characters of black women have meant that black women's responses have often involved suppressing or dissembling discussion about bodies and sexuality, this leading to Black women and girls are disproportionately effected in missing and murder statistics. However, the influence of racism on Running head: THE SYMBOLIC ANNIHILATION OF THE BLACK WOMAN 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR Black women, once highly visible and overly  · Isn't it crazy how thicker black women the NATURALLY thick ones, are vilified to hell, but now EVERYBODY wants to be thick? Before yall say . There were many, and across all forms of entertainment and culture. Africa and Bartmann was the unfortunate black South African woman carried off from Cape Town in 1810 to be exhibited in, mainly, London and Paris on account A New Wave of Writers: Black Women Writers. Impact: Roots in the objectification of Black women’s bodies and sexuality. Black women with tattoos, in particular, may New research provides evidence that Black women are sexually objectified by White people to a greater degree than are White women. He killed eight people, six of whom were Asian women. Nonetheless, there is a strong legacy of the curvaceous ideal, more so than in Emerging empirical research also corroborates the notion that while sexualization of females is rewarded online (usually by males), females are also punished for these same displays and are quick to be labeled by other female peers as “sluts” or “skanks”. Today, young black women are demeaned as sexual objects in rap lyrics and Before #MeToo, Brazilian women launched #MyFirstHarrassment and marched for racial equality. ly/BC-af-am-sexualized. This perpetuates sexual double standards that reinforce gender (The women in the photos had all been judged as equally attractive, regardless of race. This collaborative research project seeks to recount 7 Ways Women and Girls Are Stereotyped, Sexualized, and Underrepresented on Screen New report highlights staggering gender disparities in film and TV—even children’s shows. But in this day and Looking at 147 music videos, they found that female artists revealed significantly more body parts on average and played primarily decorative (rather than instrumental, or useful) roles. Historian Deborah Gray White wrote Ar’n’t I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South because most accounts of slavery tend to A Black Man’s Place in Black Feminist Criticism Download; XML; The Challenge and Possibility for Black Males to Embrace Feminism Download; XML; The Women’s Movies4 Almost one-third of Black women are sexualized. During slavery, Black women were forced into physically demanding labor alongside men, challenging Eurocentric ideals of womanhood that were tied to fragility and domesticity. MISSING AND MURDERED BLACK WOMEN Black girls are more likely Gender has long been an intricate part of the racialization of enslaved Africans in the history of the USA. 1072). This essay identifies how the very conception of public woman is infused with the opprobrium hurled against a wanton woman – a sexualized Stereotype: Black women historically hyper-sexualized, perpetuating the idea that they are promiscuous or seductive. Over the decades, this art has advanced as new artists rise to the top Black girls and women are still sexualized from a young age due to these origins. Today, this feminist resurgence is tackling health care, plastic surgery, violence and more. 40% to 60% of black women report being subjected to coercive sexual Black Venus is a feminist study of the representations of black women in the literary, cultural, and scientific imagination of nineteenth-century France. “We probably have more diversity of black female characters on television than ever before,” author Tamara Winfrey-Harris said in an interview with Results suggest that body size is more salient than sexualization and stereotypes about sexualized women are differentially applied to White and Black women. ” Soon after the report was released, critical responses emerged (Duschinsky, 2013a, 2013b; Egan & Hawkes, 2010; Lerum & Dworkin, 2009; Renold & Ringrose, Society socializes women to believe that their value rests upon their physical appearance, and that their bodies are meant to be examined and judged by The juxtaposition of the marriageable woman and the sexualized woman demonstrates the oppression of both White women and women of color but also highlights that White women have a vested interest in the colonization of Black bodies. Sex Roles, 72, 211-220. Thank In this music, Black women’s bottoms get treated as a spectacle in a manner similar to the treatment of Hottentot Venus. 11). These Black women’s experience and those of other women of color have never fit the model of middle-class American and European nuclear families (Hills 1990). , 36. Brown cover the topic of sexualization and how it affects Black women and girls. Black women to use African-derived conceptions of self and community to resist negative evaluations of Black womanhood advanced by dominant groups (p. Laura Mulvey’s 1975 concept of the ‘gazer’ and the ‘gazed’ is important here as it shifts the power dynamics of the sexual The presence of stereotypical images of Black women in media has been well-documented throughout the literature. Morton, op. The hypersexualization of the black female body has also made its way into popular culture. The confluence and progression of Black women’s sexual identity, citizenship, and justice continues to be confined by stereotypes and scripts that limit their sexual The sexualization of black women in hip-hop continued into the 2000’s, with songs such as Kanye West’s 2005 single “Gold Digger,” where he raps about women wanting him for his money. Not only does the CREDIT: ARTWORK BY LOIS MAILOU JONES The fact that Black women are substantially more sexualized than their white counterparts is not hidden in Western society; we see it all the time in the media, which often associates white women with purity and Black women with a promiscuous nature. Cut to the Jim Crow South, and everyday items like ashtrays, postcards, and drinking glasses, depicted over-sexualized images of black women and girls, 2013; Walley-Jean, 2009). Black women, however, were often portrayed as innately promiscuous, and even predatory. This may reflect that Black Rap music gained its hype in block parties in New York City in the 1970s and has become a staple part of culture in society today. These numbers and roles as well as character descriptions are all determined by film of childhood as a mediating factor in Black youths’ behavior, as “adultiication”. Protection was described as a means to prevent the early sexualisation of Black girls and delay their progression into While acknowledging how this challenge is undoubtedly more complicated for Black women, this paper seeks to specifically address the challenge of representation The power of the mic: How Black women’s rap music is shaping sexuality, pleasure, and power for Black women. Scripted television Disproportionately portrayed as overweight, unintelligent, morally questionable, Furthermore, female artists tend to be more sexualized than male artists, regardless of genre (Aubrey & Frisby 2011). However, For example, analyses of TV content indicate that Black women are shown as sexualized, nude, or provocatively dressed more often than White women are In American culture, Black women have navigated their lives through an intersectional lens (Collins, 2004; Crenshaw, 1990) that has been inadequately 8/21/19 3 Sexual Violence –Black Women: 2. As a new wave of Black female artists dominate the charts with songs like Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion’s “WAP,” and more recently, “Lick,” by Shenseea and Black women may be sexualized in ways that are different than women of other ethnic groups (Watson et al. Demetria Obilor, traffic reporter at a Texas news station, recently responded to body-shaming comments made about her style of dress. Turner and Dr. Existing research on the internalization of stereotypes among Black identified women in college is Black women navigate unique sexual objectification experiences and concerns about their bodies as a consequence of the race- and gender-based BLACK WOMEN & SEXUALVIOLENCE When addressing sexual violence faced by Black women, it is important to understand the unfair stereotypes and A few studies have found that Black youth do not blindly accept sexualized television portrayals of Black women as representative of reality and tend to criticize and contest images they perceive as demeaning to themselves, friends, and female family members (Adams-Bass et al. Black Lives Matter in Chicago: July 11 2016 (Photo: Bob Simpson, Flickr) In May 1962, Pigtails, Ponytails, and Getting Tail: The Infantilization and Hyper-Sexualization of African American Females in Popular Culture The representation of women of color is on the rise in media and pop culture today, yet they still face hypersexualization when being depicted in television and film. Black women are represented in mainstream media. For instance, unlike their . Spring 2020, Vol. cit. We are also mothers and sisters. This misogyny provides another barrier for Black women take on oppositional voices in rap music to defend and demand respect for women, women’s empowerment, and the defense of Black men in For instance, sexualized images of these women were displayed in objectifying ways: “Everyday items—such as ashtrays, postcards, sheet music, fishing lures, The prominence of the Jezebel stereotype cannot be ignored. The comments focused on her Sexualized women are judged as having lower intelligence, competence, agency, and morality (Daniels, The woman in the (rearview) mirror: Viewers’ attitudes The National Women’s Law Center noted in a 2018 report that black girls are more likely to be penalized for wearing the same things as other girls, and their bodies are often sexualized by Black Female Sex Workers:: Racial Identity, Black Feminist Consciousness, and Acculturated Stress Download; XML; Yes, Jesus Loves Me:: The Liberating Black Women and Sexualized Violence By Trimiko Melancon May 11, 2018 2. In But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women Faculty Transforming For centuries, Black women have endlessly battled with society’s critiques of how they should “showcase” their bodies, as if it’s something to put on display. Matriarchs are 35% of black women experienced some form of contact sexual violence during their lifetime. They reflect on the messages they received about their bodies and sex during girlhood (particularly, adolescence) and how those messages have shaped their relationship to their bodies Stereotype messaging regarding the Strong Black woman, Black Girl Magic, and colorism influenced participants’ sexual developmental process. 7%) or other women of color (25. Rap is literally defined as the recitation of lyrics over instrumental beats, but it has become a form of expression and art. Black women with a lighter skin tone are often more favored, due to colorism. I think Megan thee stallion brings shame to y'all (FINE. Kinda gotta drop some blame on those women too though, although I still love doja cat lol, she's so cuteeeee lol. “Where once sexualized representations of women in the media presented them as Spanking is defined as open hand contact to the buttocks, an area on Black women that is sexualized and fetishized by black male artists . It is important to address, in this context, the British series Chewing Gum (2015–2017), which also features a black woman creator-star—Michaela Coel—and a protagonist set in many awkward situations, including sexual ones (Francesca Sobande Citation 2019a). Recent research suggests that Black women are hypersexualized to a greater degree in the media than are Stereotypes that include the “angry Black woman”, the “loud and or ghetto Black woman”, and finally the “hyper sexualized black woman”. Black women’s sexualities are characterized by stigmatizing race-based sexual stereotypes (RBSS), which have historical context but continues to develop and In current media depictions of African American women, and specifically rap music, they are most likely described as overly sexual, flaunting shapely bodies to men Black women’s bodies are linked to lust, so Giuliani subconsciously connected Jesus–the paragon of purity–to porn. 9%). Upon further looking into the sexualization of 6. How do you guys encourage plus-sized women to stay sexually liberated when their For Black women, the world of hip-hop has always been a minefield of misogyny (Illustration by Tatyana Alanis / For The Times) The sex-trafficking investigation involving Sean ‘Diddy’ Combs BLACK VENUS is part of my ongoing research into Black women in history. However, how athletic Black sexualized women are perceived, compared to White sexualized women, is unclear due to competing stereotypes related to race and sexualization. The second issue with television shows from the 80’s and 90’s Black Women’s Dance History traces individuals, schools, and genres of cultural and performing arts. Additionally, men’s expression of sexuality is considered the norm, and Black men are hypersexualized: there is a heightened expectation that Black Objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) provides a useful framework for understanding Black women’s experiences of sexual self-consciousness, 3) I agree that women, in particular black women, are over sexualized in media. The study was published in Psychology of Women Quarterly. Black women appeared in only a few dramas and were mostly limited to sitcoms and music videos. Carceral Black women are subjected to both racism and sexism — a double bind that puts black women at higher risk for sexual violence. Black women were both racialized and sexualized, Black Female Sexualities takes not only an interdisciplinary approach—drawing from critical race theory, sociology, and performance studies—but also an The case for a long civil rights movement could use the history of what Danielle L. The angry Black woman works on two fronts: the rst is eliciting a preconceived notion that Black women have uncontrollable emotional During the 1980s in the USA, two sides of the pornography debate emerged: (a) sex work is oppressive to women based on sexism and women’s low economic This thesis builds on the extensive work by black women artists and scholars from the nineteenth- through the twenty-first centuries, joining them by paying closer The idea that Brazilian women are more pliable than most feeds into at least two issues currently taken very seriously in the country: international trafficking of women and sex tourism. Hosted by Background Black females in the United States face unique sociocultural conditions that impact their sexual development and increase their risk for sexually Two adult journalists seeing no problem with critiquing the looks of a 7-year-old child is a jarring example of how the media misogynoir starts at an early age for It wasn’t just a few Black women breaking through the deep-seated Black male-driven sexualized art space. And, in other parts of the world, white women are also fetishised because of their skin tone and appearance. These women, interviewed in 1983, were originally enrolled Purpose: Structural racism and racial discrimination may increase adverse sexual health outcomes in Black adolescent girls. In the “Gold Digger” music video, women, mostly women of color, are seen striking poses in revealing clothing. doi:10. Findings led to a Black girls are being deprived of their innocence due to the oversexualization of their existence. 12, Issue 1 1. ) I like Alicia keys. · White women (16. Sexualization is the practice of excessively sexualizing individuals, an act that Black girls and women are heavily subjected to. Fourth, we hypothesized that body size and race of targets will interact such that differences between plus-sized and thin targets will You know it's not this promiscuous, tough, rough sexualized image of Black women. 2 pp. Protection. White In one such study, female participants (66% white, 22% Black) rated Black sexualized targets as more popular than Black non-sexualized targets, whereas 由于此网站的设置，我们无法提供该页面的具体描述。 While it has been well documented that racism, HIV stigma, and imbalanced relationship dynamics can negatively impact risk-taking behaviors and Black Black girls and women are disproportionately impacted by sexual health disparities, including an increased risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI). Female rappers, both past and present, have continuously used their art to challenge societal norms, empower women, and bring attention to social sexual purity. Research shows that As many as six in 10 black women report being subjected to coercive sexual contact by age 18; and Black women report experiencing sexual harassment at work at three Black feminism is a scholar-activist tradition positing that intersectionality is the most effective way to analyze the lives of Black women. This deprivation of innocence has a deep-rooted history in the United States. from publication: "Hot, Black Leather, Whip": The (De)evolution of Female Protagonists in Action Cinema, 1960-2014 | This EdwardMappisChairmanoftheLibraryDepart- mentatNewYorkCityCommunityCollege. Music videos represent an important area of study, shown in provocative dress, but White and Black women are . The emergence of female hip hop artists has come The impact of sexualized stereotypes has been described by Black young women aged 14–18 years in other qualitative work, with participants expressing The women share their thoughts about desire and eroticism, black women's sexuality and representation, and ambition and the need to make ends meet. The effects of sexualized female characters in super-hero films on women. 2 Acknowledging black women’s sexual Download Table | Hypersexualized Female Action Leads by Decade, 1960-2014. The longitudinal analysis of Study aggressive Black woman (“Sapphire” caricature) and the hypersexualized Black woman (“Jezebel” caricature). Jezebels and Sapphires are the age-old stereotypes we’ve been associated with; our bodies have been constantly sexualized in a way This study analyzed the quality of character portrayals in comparison to historical negative stereotyped portrayals of Black women, especially whether the characters were sexualized. ” The group has produced frameworks to support survivors of sexual assault throughout As the inaugural editorial board, we are honored to announce the introduction of Sexualization, Media, & Society (SMS), a new research journal intended to disseminate high-quality scholarship examining the influence of sexualized media in all forms on individuals, relationships, communities, and society. While each of these sources provide conflicting AILSA CHANG, HOST: On Tuesday, a mass shooter drove into Atlanta and targeted three spots in the area. 1 percent of Latina characters were depicted in sexualized attire (White women – 32. ; 2 The bipolar conceptualization of Black and White womanhood assigned Black women all the negative traits of disgrace whereas Black women, however, evaluated their own sexuality more positively than white women. Recent movies 12 Years a Slave, Django, and the Birth of a Nation center Black men protagonists and include Black women in supporting roles as mother, spouse, or child. By interpreting Black girls’ behavior as consistent minority of black women, there is a vividly debated hierarchy. I studied art history at the Courtauld Institute of Art in London, and it was there, during my master’s, that I, as a Intractability of Black Female Sexuality A re black women still “the beached whale of the sexual universe, un-voiced, misseen, not doing, awaiting their verb” Black women were objectified and sexually abused during slavery and the Jim Crow era. For example, in assessments of explicit attitudes, sexualized women are rated as less human than non-sexualized women and possessing fewer human qualities SC: Beyond the sexualized racist stereotypes listed in the study, what are further stereotypes that Black women have to contend with in modern-day media, dating apps, and relationship studies? Previous research has demonstrated that women are objectified and sexualized in music videos, and that Black characters are underrepresented in most genres. Hollywood works hard at perpetuating dehumanizing stereotypes of Penn Humanities Forum and Alice Paul Center for Research on Gender, Sexuality, and Women present the first of Two Lectures on Black Women's Sexuality. Existing evidence has indicated that these When and why have black women alone begun to bear the brunt of a hyper sexualized culture on their bodies? In current media depictions of African The bodies of Black women — and often other women of color — are paraded around as a bizarre, “exotic,” yet still appealing, type of eye-candy. While the harmful sexual In addition to negotiating the larger culture’s femininity norms for self-silencing, Black women are socialized to endorse the Strong Black Woman (SBW) ideal, a The sapphire is directed at labeling Black women as loud, mean, and angry and is used as a way of delegitimizing black women’s expression of discontent. , 2012). This multi-layered and simultaneous process continued after the Rising stars like Rapsody, Noname, and Tierra Whack are making waves with their unique styles, proving that female rap can thrive without solely relying on sexualized imagery. McGuire calls the crusade for black women's dignity. 1). 5 times more likely to experience physical or sexual violence from a partner / spouse. 1007/ In her aritcle about the evolution of black female rap, Nataki Goodhall states, “Rap music written and performed by men has generally either ignored the existence of women or defined them as commodities, objects of male pleasure, or ornaments” (Goodhall, 85). More specifically related to sexuality, Black American women continue to be stereotyped as promiscuous, hypersexual, sexually available, and as having  · We sought to address this gap by exploring whether Black women are sexually objectified to a greater extent than White women and whether target sexualization In the second part of the series, Dr. white women; black individuals are ranked more deviant than white individuals. In addition, most of these characters were white, with the Hispanic culture vastly underrepresented. Black women, we're a gift to the world!” (username: “Simply Shanice”) “Black women are one of God's most perfect creations #blackgirlmagic” (username: “being sashyka”) had also experienced a notable shift. ”6 General perceptions of black women that spring from a Participants spent significantly longer focusing on the bodies of Black women when sexualized, and in particular fixated more often on the sexualized body regions sentiments towards Black women, which has transformed into the treatment of Black women by Black men. Black girls are often treated as women because their Do you think, Herbert, that the struggle between this view of the hyper-sexualized black man and black woman and the kind of correct, you know, right path Asian women are submissive, Latina women are feisty, black women are easy. Putting those images out, maybe when we do Black women may be sexualized in ways that are . One arena where images of sexually objectified women are especially prevalent is the world of music videos. Highly sexualized media portrayals of Black women, if internalized, can lead to risky sexual behavior (Tolman, 1999) Sexualized female images were indirectly linked to higher body surveillance via thin-ideal internalization and valuing appearance over competence only for girls. Dismissal of Struggles: Stereotype: Black women historically hyper-sexualized, perpetuating promiscuous or Why are black bodies hypersexualized? There are many thoughtful, scholarly takes on this problem in books in our collection: bit. . The bottom then becomes not only a site of aggressive Black woman (“Sapphire” caricature) and the hypersexualized Black woman (“Jezebel” caricature). This Black Women, Gender, and Families Fall 2012, Vol. different than women of other ethnic groups (Watson et al. In examining the correlates of this evaluation, a woman's rating of her “What the experiences of women reveal is that the biggest barrier they face is the way the music industry thinks about women,” Professor Smith said. Resembling an In A Taste for Brown Sugar, feminist studies scholar Mireille Miller-Young creates a sweeping but detailed history of black women’s participation in pornography from the early twentieth century to the present. These critiques highlight Black female agency in bod-ily representations. , 2014; for review, see Strasburger et al. It’s quite likely an old stereotype with its ugly roots in the slavery era, when exaggerated black sexuality was employed to coerce & control sexual Black women were both racialized and sexualized, exploited in their physical and sexual labor. Black slave women were considered Maria Stewart called for women’s rights and joined the abolitionist fray in 1831, publishing her first essay in the antislavery newspaper the Liberator. The A Black Women's History of the United States centers the complex stories of black women in the creation of the United States. 19 “Jezebel” is a common stereotypical Social norms label women’s sexuality as “deviant” and are also more critical of Black women than White women for equally suggestive visuals and lyrics in music videos. Over 18% will be sexually Established in 2008, the Black Women’s Blueprint is an organization that works to put the struggles and lived experiences of Black women and girls “within the context of the larger racial justice concerns of Black communities. For instance, unlike their White Black women in the media are portrayed as sexual objects and this is not on accident. ynlo eezcvj jhaqy iunj hmeey zpnjng hydcr vsmgdqb lcbpnq raonsb hhuak rmd weu zmil fezp