Teach this adjectives. html>yy

g. fortunate 8. For example, “The clever cat is under the enormous bed. ESL Demonstrative Pronouns Worksheet - Vocabulary and Grammar Exercises: Sentence Completion, Binary Choice, Rewriting Sentences, Gap-fill - Pre-intermediate (A2) - 30 minutes. Caring. Of course, this concept is easier to explain by using illustrative ESL Comparisons Game - Grammar and Speaking: Forming Sentences from Prompts - Pre-intermediate (A2) - 20 minutes. Afterwards, review the correct answers with the class. Students will also be able to insert appropriate words into sentences and experiment with adjective word choices. Adjective Hunt. Here is a free verb to be game for beginners to help them practice forming affirmative and negative sentences with the present simple. gNext, students categorize the personality adjectives according to whether they have. English Unit: Adjectives. adjective cards. rare 4. Teach-This. 3. Another way to understand adjectives is to understand that they can be either inherent characteristics or salient/ temporary. List Of Important Adjectives For Kids Here is a list of adjectives that children should know to describe various colours, textures, emotions, weather conditions and other things around them. Students begin by completing gaps in sentences about preferences and habits with the prepositions of place: in, on, at. First, students put verbs, nouns, and adjectives under their dependent Jun 9, 2018 · The teacher can then call out an adjective while students either move to the correct rule, or throw a sticky ball at the rule. When they have written ten adjectives they should compare their lists and see whether they are correct. Read the sentences and underline the words that show the correct grammar rules. Meaning: Compassionate and empathetic. Adjective Bingo. Write a number of opposite words on a PowerPoint (or elicit pairs from the students. There is also an adjective sorting activity where children have to arrange adjectives by the meanings of each word. The majority of adverbs in English, particularly those that modify verbs, end in –ly. ESL Dependent Prepositions Worksheet - Vocabulary Exercises: Categorizing, Multiple Choice, Gap-fill, Matching - Upper-intermediate (B2) - 35 minutes. Adjectives for teach include teachable, teachercentric, teacherless, teacherlike, teacherly, teachless, teachworthy, taught, teaching, taughtened and taughtening ESL Defining Relative Clauses Activity - Grammar and Speaking: Writing Clues, Describing, Guessing, Controlled and Freer Practice - Group and Pair Work - Upper-intermediate (B2) - 40 minutes. Superlative Exercise Worksheet. 4 Understand that nouns represent people, places, concrete objects and abstract concepts; that there are three types of nouns: common, proper and pronouns; and that noun groups/phrases can be Adjectives - Assessment. unfriendly. The key to make teaching adjectives more fun is to use a variety of interesting and engaging activities and games such as board games, surveys, videos and more. This adjective order worksheet helps students to practice the order of adjectives. generous 4. Add candy to your adjectives lesson plan for fun grammar. This free adjectives and prepositions worksheet helps students to practice everyday adjective-preposition collocations. Students then describe nouns in the first exercise using compound adjectives, e. For example they may choose friendly, serious, clever etc. May 27, 2024 · In this way, you, the teacher, can control what objects and items are described in class. Finally, it’s time for students to review what they learned while completing a superlative exercise worksheet. Add an adjective to each category. 1 – This-That-These-Those – 1. polite 8. Awe-inspiring – “The lesson you put together for the students on space travel was awe-inspiring. Dedicated. They are the words that describe other words. 0 Curriculum. In pairs, students take it in turns to ask their partner for clues to the Dec 2, 2023 · Caring: kind and compassionate, and who genuinely cares about their students’ well-being and success. 5. In this example, the adjective interesting describes the noun book. Adjectives in Action. Have your students create their own Bingo boards for an adjective review game. com’s online platform is a powerful tool that helps you share resources with your students online and use them interactively. That’s really only a guideline, though, since many adverbs do not follow the –ly rule. When both students agree the collocation is correct, the student writes it in the space to complete the sentence. In pairs, students take turns reading a sentence to their partner using the word 'blank' for the words in bold. My son now wants to become an astronaut!”. Let's Learn Indefinite Pronouns. confident 7. A good game to play at the start of the school year, the teacher can go first and then ask students to do the same. Next, students complete a table with the possessive adjectives. The next logical step is to have students actually apply the rules to an adjective. Size, Weight, and Dimensions. Name The Classmate. There are 15 sentences with the adjective missing. hardworkingStudents then match each. Set a 10-minute time limit for the activity. This type of adjective is formed using two or more words that describe a single thought or idea. This game also helps students understand subject-verb agreement and how to use the verb to be to make true statements. com For example, “The cat is on the bed,” or “The boy is at the store. ESL Adverbs of Frequency Worksheet - Grammar Exercise: Sentence Completion - Grammar Game: Guessing - Pre-intermediate (A2) - 35 minutes. Charming: engaging and charismatic, and who is able to connect with their students on a personal level. Charismatic. ESL Demonstrative Adjectives Worksheet - Grammar and Vocabulary Exercises: Categorising, Crossword, Gap-fill - Elementary (A1-A2) - 25 minutes. ESL Indefinite Pronouns Worksheet - Grammar and Vocabulary Exercises: Identifying, Categorising, Gap-fill, Unscrambling, Writing Sentences - Intermediate (B1) - 25 minutes. com Apr 8, 2021 · Positive Adjectives to Describe a Teacher. The way you form comparative adjectives depends on the spelling of the word and whether or not it is a regular or an irregular adjective. In this fun compound nouns speaking activity, students complete questions with one word to make closed compound nouns. When playing the game, if you say, “hot,” students have to cross off the opposite (cold). Sep 9, 2019 · Teaching adjectives does not have to be boring (or full of worksheets). “His” “head” “is” “big”. Teach Comparative Adjectives Once students have an understanding that comparatives are used to compare two things, it’s time to teach students how to change adjectives into the comparative form. a 8. In this productive demonstrative pronouns worksheet, students practice how to use the pronouns: this, that, these and those. This collection of teaching resources is aligned to the Australian Curriculum and was teacher-created to help you help your students learn how to correctly identify and use ESL Proper Adjectives Activity - Vocabulary and Speaking: Asking for and Giving Clues, Guessing - Pair Work - Intermediate (B1) - 20 minutes. There are resources to combine the learning of past simple affirmative and negative statements with questions, time expressions and regular/irregular verb forms. This fast-paced comparison game is perfect for practicing comparative sentence structure. As well as PDFs, Teach-This. A simple activity for this is to have a board race where the teacher calls a base adjective, and the student writes the comparative form. First, students complete sentences on their worksheet with true information about themselves. Example: An understanding teacher helps students in need. Adjectives. Adjective match. For example, “He is boring (me)” (= “He is a boring person”) could well be as common as Comparative and Superlative Predictions - Teach-This. rude 2. Ask them to share any interesting examples and encourage the students to discuss them in more detail. In this rewarding proper adjectives activity, students complete a crossword by listening to clues and guessing proper adjectives. Sentence Patterns. In our first lesson we explain the basic differentiation between this/these and that/those. Adjective-Preposition Collocations This page provides you with adjective-preposition collocation games, worksheets and activities to help students learn and practice adjectives and prepositions that go together. Students then ask and answer the questions Amazing Articles. An inherent characteristic may also go before the noun, like “a stolen car”. Then, review adjective order with the class by writing the following sentences on the board and having the students add in the adjectives in the correct order. exhausted 5. Then, students have to make a Bingo grid and fill in whatever words they’d like. a car and a bus. In this productive defining relative clauses activity, students practice describing words using defining relative clauses with who, where, which and that. This fun miming game can be used to practice or review the present continuous tense. com provides over 2700 printable ESL activities, worksheets, games and lessons to help you teach all the core skills associated with language learning: speaking, listening, reading, writing, pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. Aug 16, 2012 · Here are some teaching tips to help clarify the situation for your students. Students must fill in the blank space with the correct superlative form. First, students underline prefixes in ten words and then complete sentences using the words. In this free prepositions of place worksheet, students use the topic of preferences and habits to practice the prepositions of place: in, on, at. It includes a definition with examples, as well as a variety of questions in which students can apply their understanding of adjectives. Here is a comprehensive reflexive pronouns worksheet for pre-intermediate students. Students then complete sentences with the superlative adjectives. Of course, you may wish to teach this over several lessons, especially if you are teaching kids or beginner learners. If the adjective completes the gap-fill sentence appropriately, the student reads the sentence aloud, replacing the missing word with Step 3: Explain Different Types of Adjectives. Ask students to pair up with a student they don’t know well and write ten adjectives to describe what they think the other student is like. Exercise C - Answer key 1. Many of the activities are free and super simple to set up. Divide the students into groups of four. Students begin by reading through the introduction on the worksheet and reviewing the different ways to form compound adjectives. Give each pair a copy of the game board, a dice and two counters. The Action Verbs Presentation introduces students to the concept of adjectives. Students then take it in turns to turn over one sentence card and one adjective card. Jan 26, 2020 · The “writing about candy adjective activity” makes for a perfect Friday afternoon grammar lesson. When we describe an object, we say it is + adjective / material / gerund (verb+ing). See full list on games4esl. Students begin by matching subject pronouns to reflexive pronouns. ESL Subject and Object Pronouns Worksheet - Vocabulary Exercises: Identifying, Rewriting Sentences, Gap-fill - Elementary (A1-A2) - 25 minutes. You could also utilise this task which challenges children to find adjectives in a text. Download and print this worksheet and give one to each student. Introduce yourself. ude, lazy, unfriendly, dishonest, stingyStudents then move on to Adjective Material Use C. Observe it asks students to make observations about the image. Give students a blank bingo board and some old magazines. There are three types of questions. This is an interesting book. Each group will also need a pen and paper for writing. Then, also consider some worksheets, controlled practice, freer practice, along with homework to reinforce key concepts with adjectives. ESL Compound Nouns Activity - Vocabulary and Speaking: Gap-Fill, Asking and Answering Questions, Controlled and Freer Practice - Group and Pair Work - Intermediate (B1) - 30 minutes. In two groups, students write clues to describe the places on their worksheet. Students begin by identifying subject and object pronouns in sentences. Give each student a copy of the worksheet. Activity Type Grammar Game: sentence construction (group work) Focus Possessive adjectives Aim Curriculum Codes. Students begin by writing their name at the top of the worksheet. The next step in teaching adjectives is to explain the different types of adjectives there are in English. Set a timer for 2 minutes and have two students (or two teams) write as many adjectives that describe the object as they can. Oct 30, 2017 · 1. Amazing – “You’re an amazing teacher and I’m so grateful to have you in my life. However, this is not quite true. This comprehensive subject vs. In this free articles activity, students guess missing articles and words in sentences. c 6. This outstanding set of grammar games, ESL activities and worksheets helps students to practice making past simple affirmative and negative statements. Understanding. 4. Some books claim that we use -ed adjectives when people are the subject of the sentence (“He is amazed” etc) and -ing adjectives with things (“The hotel is amazing”, etc). Have that student add one or two adjectives to the sentence. To begin, students match pets with their descriptions. fortunate 10. Tell the students to shufle the -ing adjective cards and deal them out evenly. st 6. Tell the students that they are going to play a game of Battleships using adjectives of feeling and emotion and family vocabulary. Form. This confusion often results in humorous mistakes such as “I am exciting. f 2. Next, divide the class into teams of four. Review the meaning of each adjective-preposition collocation with the class. quiet 3. TEACHER’S NOTES Describe it Introduction In this describing things game, students match four adjectives to a picture and then describe the picture with the adjectives. d 4. Adjectives Teaching Resources. Procedure Give each student a copy of the worksheet. ” or “The movie was excited. First, students write the superlative form of ten adjectives. New 9. Human Adjective Bingo. This free adverbs of frequency worksheet and game helps students to master adverb of frequency word order. Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs A. If both students have the same adjective, it gets crossed off the list. Get your learners to place the descriptions correctly; make it tricky to ensure they grasp the teachings. 4. Whole Class Activity. Place the adjective in the correct order. rare 3. ESL Adverb-Adjective Collocations Activity - Vocabulary: Matching, Gap-fill - Pair Work - Upper-intermediate (B2) - 25 minutes. Elicit the yes/no question 'Is your mother happy?' from the students. Now have them separate each word by cutting them apart. e 3. Example: He is a world-famous author. Adjectives - Presentation. Ask the students to shuffle each set of cards separately and spread them out face-down on the table in two sets. . The resources also help to teach students about adjectives of opinion, size, shape, age, colour, origin, material and purpose. This collection of teaching resources was teacher-created to help you help your students learn how to correctly identify and use this Adjectives Ahoy Board game. Teaching these adjectives can be challenging from the start because students can easily get confused about the differences between the –ED and –ING endings. For the first clue, students use two of the adjectives shown on the worksheet. These can be adjectives (words that describe nouns) or adverbs (words that describe verbs). In this picture activity, students will challenge their knowledge of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions. Jun 7, 2023 · Explaining -ed and -ing adjectives. Groups score one point for each true or believable sentence. ESL Adverbs of Degree Worksheet - Grammar and Vocabulary Exercises: Matching, Categorising, Binary Choice, Unscrambling, Gap-fill - Speaking Game: True or False - Pair Work - Intermediate (B1) - 30 minutes. The first team to call out the opposite of the adjective scores a point. Exercise B - Answer key 1. Students should cut pictures of people out of the magazine, one for each blank on the bingo board, and glue them in place however they see fit. Next, have them trade sentences with another student. This free adverbs of degree worksheet helps students practice modifying adverbs, adjectives, and verbs with adverbs of degree. This comprehensive demonstrative adjectives worksheet helps students learn and practice how to use this, that, these and those as adjectives. In this engaging describing people game, students ask questions about people's appearance in order to guess the names of six classmates a partner has written down. You can describe them by using adjectives, by the material they are made of, and what they are used for. Ask the students to shuffle the adjective cards and deal out Dependent Prepositions Practice. The book is interesting. In this useful reading comprehension worksheet, students read about two homes and then complete a series of comprehension exercises. Exercise B - Answer key. Adjectives - Dragon. But your students can make an educated guess that if they Start the activity by reading out each adjective on the worksheet and eliciting examples of the adjective's meaning and possible synonyms. ESL Adjective-Preposition Worksheet - Vocabulary Exercises: Matching, Gap-fill - Speaking Activity: Describing, Asking and Answering Questions, Freer Practice - Pair Work - Intermediate (B1) - 25 minutes. Start by reminding students of the two adjective patterns used in English sentences: Be + Adj. Next, students work with a partner and take it in turns Jun 7, 2023 · Possessive adjectives pick and draw. delicious 4. In two groups, students start by completing sentences with adverbs and adjective, noun, and predicate. ESL Verb to be Game - Grammar: Sentence Building - Group Work - Beginner (A1) - 30 minutes. Start the activity by reading out each adjective on the worksheet and eliciting examples of the adjective's meaning and possible synonyms. In this free prefixes worksheet, students learn and practice the ten common prefixes: under-, super-, re-, mis-, un-, mid- multi-, pre-, non-, over-. Give each group a set of picture cards and adjective cards. Next, students match another ten adjectives with their correct superlative forms. 2. Adjectives - Student Reference Card. Students then take turns reading a sentence to their partner, who has to complete it with an adverb-adjective collocation from their worksheet. Example: His encouraging words boost students’ confidence. In class, the first student selects a card and must describe that object without saying what the object is. Students start by completing sentences with Adjectives for Teachers. Verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs are four parts of speech. Procedure Divide the students into groups of three. Place an object on the table. Following this, your list of words will be a mixture of nouns, verbs, and adjectives – school, yellow, fast, dance – you get the point! Students will choose a word card from their individual New 9. h 5. In this imaginative describing places game, students use adjectives to write clues describing different places in a city and then race to describe the places to a partner for them to guess. QLD, Australia. This adjectives and prepositions worksheet helps students practice everyday adjective-preposition collocations. ESL Describing Appearance Game - Vocabulary: Categorising, Asking and Answering Questions, Guessing - Pair Work - Elementary (A1-A2) - 25 minutes. Jan 30, 2019 · Start off with this adjectives activity sheet which tackles adjectives from a range of different angles. funny 2. Here’s how I manage. Now, read an adjective at random from the worksheet. a synonym for each adjective shown, they write it above the adjective. Students should use a variety of different In this comprehensive likes and dislikes worksheet, students learn and practice how to talk about food and drink preferences using love, like, dislike and hate. ”. Divide the students into pairs. Awesome Adjectives allows students to create adjective webs and develop an understanding of how powerful adjectives can be in text when they are used effectively. Adj + N. Awesome – “You’re an awesome teacher Nov 29, 2022 · 6. In this interesting two-part money activity, students practice money vocabulary by conducting a survey and playing a describing game. Make some cards with single words on that can be put together to make sentences with possessive adjectives that describe pictures, e. Demonstrate the activity by writing 'your mother' and 'happy' on the board. concerned Students then move on to replace adjectives in sentences with their synonyms. 20 Common Verbs. Here is a productive superlatives worksheet to help students learn and practice superlative adjectives and sentence structure. Students place their counters on the start square. The -ed adjective cards should be shufled and placed face down in a pile on the desk. ESL Articles Activity - Grammar: Gap-fill, Guessing - Pair Work - Elementary (A1-A2) - 25 minutes. The activity works best if you just have one word per card. In this handy pets worksheet, students practice animal and pet-related vocabulary. In this comprehensive phrasal verbs worksheet, students learn and practice phrasal verbs with get. Compound Adjectives . Give each group a set of -ed adjective cards and a set of -ing adjective cards. Compassionate. The worksheet can be used along with 'Collocations Challenge', which provides practice This proper adjectives worksheet helps students learn and practice how to use proper adjectives for continents, regions, oceans, seas and mountains. When the timer goes off, run through the list. Students begin by sorting geographical proper adjectives into categories. ESL Describing Objects Worksheet - Vocabulary Exercises: Categorising, Matching, Binary Choice, Multiple-choice, Sentence Completion - Elementary (A1-A2) - 25 minutes. Encouraging. Here are adjectives that capture the diverse qualities of teachers: Adaptable. ESL Phrasal Verbs with Get Worksheet - Vocabulary Exercises: Gap-fill, Matching - Speaking Activity: Asking and Answering Questions - Pair Work - Upper-intermediate (B2) - 20 minutes. Then, ask the students to give feedback to the class on what they found out about their classmates. We examine that this and these are used for nouns that are close to the speaker and that and those are used for nouns that are far from the speaker. com Jul 11, 2024 - Engaging adjectives ESL games, activities and worksheets to help you teach your students common adjectives of opinion, size, shape, age, colour, etc. Create multiple Bingo cards from an online free generator using nouns, verbs, and adjectives as your 3 main parts of speech to be put in the squares. Answer key: Adventurous: likes to try new or exciting things Understand that in sentences nouns may be extended into noun groups using articles and adjectives, and verbs may be expressed as verb groups ACELA1468 8. Salience. Verb Noun Adjective Adverb B. Write verbs, nouns, adjectives or adverbs next to each description. Help your students become more familiar with adjectives with the help of this Adjectives Worksheets Resource Pack. ESL Miming Game - Miming, Grammar and Speaking: Guessing, Forming Sentences - Group Work - Pre-intermediate (A2) - 20 minutes. Phrasal Verbs with Get. Students will encounter various tasks and exercises that evaluate their knowledge of adjectives, including identifying adjectives, comparing adjectives, and using adjectives to describe. Student A. upset Apr 6, 2023 · Example: She’s knowledgeable about many subjects in history. When the time is up, groups read out their sentences in turn. the adjective that describes the personality trait. rude 7. Here are 10 fun adjective activities that you can use in your classroom. adjectives to describe their feelings and emotions. Students then underline the correct words in Procedure. All our teaching resources come in user-friendly A4 PDF format with full teacher’s notes, answer keys, and easy-to-follow instructions. AC9E1LA07 9. Next, students write the ten prefixes next to their definitions. A student from one team comes to the front of the class and is given a present continuous sentence to mime. Assess students' proficiency in using adjectives with this comprehensive assessment resource. In this communicative -ed -ing adjectives activity, students practice using the two adjective forms to express opinions and feelings about various things. Meaning: Offering support and motivation. First, students match opinion verbs with pictures. Understand that words can represent people, places and things (nouns, including pronouns), happenings and states (verbs), qualities (adjectives) and details such as when, where and how (adverbs) ACELA1452 8. This comprehensive indefinite pronouns worksheet helps students learn and practice a variety of indefinite pronouns. Students begin by reading sentences containing demonstrative ESL Reading Comprehension Worksheet - Reading and Writing Exercises: Matching, True or False, Gap-Fill, Answering Comprehension Questions - Speaking Activity - Pair Work - Elementary (A1-A2) - 25 minutes. Aug 26, 2017 · Having students make a list of adjectives they know can help them see the different forms. com also provides an online platform to help teachers share resources with Clearly Define the Difference Between –Ed and –ING Adjectives. Next, explain that the students are going to play a board game where they talk about how they felt the last time certain things happened to them. ESL Animals Worksheet - Vocabulary Exercises: Matching, Identifying, Gap-fill, Listing, Binary Choice, Ranking, Comparing, Answering Questions - Elementary (A1-A2) - 30 minutes. ESL Reflexive Pronouns Worksheet - Vocabulary and Grammar Exercises: Matching, Binary Choice, Gap-fill, Sentence Completion, Writing Sentences from Prompts - Pre-intermediate (A2) - 30 minutes. Here are the four different types of adjectives your ESL students should Using Pictures: Using pictures to teach parts of speech is a simple way to challenge students’ thinking. You can describe objects in many ways. A student from each team comes to the front of the class. Teaching Adjectives to Children: Activities and Worksheets for Helping Kids Learn Adjectives Descriptors are an important part of our vocabulary. In this engaging adverb–adjective collocations activity, students work together to complete sentences with adverb–adjective collocations. Give the two students two things to compare, e. Set out the bags and ask students to put a few pieces in a coffee filter. This free compound adjectives worksheet helps you to teach your students how to form and use compound adjectives. 1. Go through the introduction on the worksheet. Students then complete the grammar rules associated with the prepositions of place. Adjectives are the threads that weave together a memorable educational experience. Designed by teachers, each of these adjectives worksheets has been made to challenge your students on their literacy knowledge and get them to start writing more complex Apr 14, 2015 · N12. Here is a comprehensive dependent prepositions worksheet for upper-intermediate students. Useful for Teaching: Positive Adjectives, Comparative Adjectives, Superlative Adjectives, Descriptive Adjectives Comparative Cards - Teach-This. The fat cat eats quickly. The group with the most points wins the game. Explore differences in words that represent people, places and things (nouns, including pronouns This comprehensive possessive adjectives worksheet helps students learn and practice a variety of possessive adjectives. object pronouns worksheet can be used to help introduce or teach subject and object pronouns. Procedure Give each student a copy of the two-page worksheet. This is a simple way for beginners to practice opposites. Adjectives worksheets for a range of teaching opportunities. ESL Common Verbs Worksheet - Grammar, Vocabulary and Writing Exercises: Matching, Gap-fill, Writing Sentences - Elementary (A1-A2) - 20 minutes. The New TeachThis Online Platform. Grab some bags of candy and inexpensive coffee filters from the store. Explain adjectives to your elementary students with printable worksheets, digital activities, adjective lists, describing word games and more from the teachers of Teach Starter. Students then sort ten food and drink items, according to their preferences. Creative. In this useful describing objects worksheet, students practice adjectives used to describe the size, weight, and dimensions of objects. Cheerful: a teacher who is happy and upbeat, and who creates a positive and joyful atmosphere in the classroom. Standing at the front of the classroom, students introduce themselves to the class by describing qualities about themselves – for example, “I’m curious, cheerful and tall. There are ten sentences in total with each one containing an -ed or -ing adjective. Explain adjectives to your primary students with printable worksheets, digital activities, parts of speech games and more from the teachers of Teach Starter. Adjectives Describe A Noun. The first and most straightforward way to distinguish between adjectives and adverbs is by their form. Read the sentence below and put one word from the sentence into each category. Get Instant Access. Note that Arctic is used for both a region and an ocean. b 7. Exercise C - Answer key. ESL Money Vocabulary Activity - Speaking: Forming, Asking and Answering Questions - Group Work - Vocabulary Game: Describing, Guessing - Pair Work - Elementary (A1-A2) - 30 minutes. ” Dec 22, 2021 · Adjective Scattergories. Mar 8, 2021 · Allow your learners to match the word with the adjective; this is an excellent opportunity to teach visually. This comprehensive verbs worksheet helps students learn and practice 20 common verbs in English. below 6. a ten-minute walk. First, students match sentence halves together to make sentences containing adjective-preposition collocations. Excellent Teacher. wrong 7. First, students match sentence halves together and then underline the possessive adjective in each sentence. Formative Assessment Quiz - Adjectives. jk aj nn cz ce qz yy xv jc zw