Swiftui blur background. @State private var isLoading = false.
let kind: String = "CoreDataWidget". iOS notification’s glassmorphic design. <1> Add your background view first to make it sit in the back or <2> Explicitly add them at the button (index 0). I remember how much Feb 1, 2021 · 13. I am trying to update background colour. navigationBar) for content of ether NavigationView or NavigationStack to achieve clear background no matter what. You can use the . Add Blur () to any view’s background. The default blur style is . – Jul 7, 2019 · So the best answer I've seen for now that actually changes the underlying background color of the NavigationView (in OP's original question) is just setting the background color on the UIView appearance, as eluded to in this answer: UIView. “利用 SwiftUI 的 background 設定背景顏色，背景圖片，漸層背景 & 圓角背景” is published by 彼得潘的 iOS App Neverland in 彼得潘的 Swift iOS App May 28, 2023 · SwiftUI TabView is a main element in many iOS apps. blur(radius: 20) Note the top and bottom of the view. I am trying to add blur view with the app logo when the app enters into the background for hiding secure information. visible, for: . teal. @discardableResult. For SwiftUI discussion, questions and showcasing SwiftUI is a UI development framework by Apple that lets you declare interfaces in an intuitive manner. navigationBar, . Rectangle Background Drop Shadow 1: Offset X = 0px, Y = 4px. struct CoreDataWidget: Widget {. Please keep content related to SwiftUI only. Learn how you can use the SwiftUI Background Tasks API to handle tasks succinctly. It should look like a light for the display. ultraThinMaterial) . 4 introduced a new . Freshman of ios developer. Finally I found a solution here as below (use UITabBar), it works. swiftui May 24, 2022. A shape style that displays one of the overlay fills. That’s it! To export that animation for SwiftUI, click on the Share icon and Download → For newest runtime. presentationDetents([. For iOS programming related content, visit r/iOSProgramming Apr 12, 2022 · Viewの背景を指定、またはViewの背後に別のViewを配置するbackgroundモディファイアについて解説します。 本モディファイアはiOS15. This has led me to two thoughs / questions. FormView() . frame(width: 300, height: 300) . It started just as a simple curiosity because I had launched Calmaria. sheet background transparent. foregroundColor(. I am having a hard time figuring out how to add the blur and the spread. yellow var body: some View { Button(action: { //This changes colors to three different colors. May 10, 2023 · Blurring the home screen while your widget is active isn't recommended or feasible for a couple of reasons. In SwiftUI, starting in iOS 15: The background of a view, such as shape styles, will automatically expand into the safe areas it touches. A style appropriate for foreground separator or border lines. May 14, 2024 · Text("Create With Swift") . If you want to make a transparent background just for one sheet: @State private var isPresented = false. Sometimes we need to add text on top of an image and, to make it stand out, it is useful to add a background that is in harmony with the image underneath. Mar 24, 2022 · I have a view with a toolbar on the bottom of the view. Aug 3, 2020 · SwiftUI Background stripes and other texture patterns. blur() modifier on anything you need to be blurry like: Image("BG") . Now the fun part! We are ready to use the Blur view as a background view inside SwiftUI. You can set th Nov 7, 2022 · SwiftUI has several scrollable views such as ScrollView, List, Form, and Table. To set the intensity of the blur effect, we need to set the “radius” parameter — the higher the number the more blur effect. Example Patterns Vertical Bars. To make sure it's not related to my project I created an example project and it has the same issue. Text("Hello") Text("World!") }. SwiftUI offers several different ways for us to create stacks of overlapping views that can be arranged along the Z axis, which in turn enables us to define various kinds of overlays and backgrounds for the views that we build. Blend modes allow us to control the way one view is rendered on top of another. edited May 21, 2020 at 3:07. May 6, 2022 · In order to add a shadow to Rectangle (Which acts as a background), let's use a shadow API. Aug 7, 2023 · In this blog post, we’ll explore how to add a delightful blur effect to SwiftUI views when the app moves to the background, creating a touch of magic that leaves users charmed and amused. iOS Implementation Jan 8, 2020 · On a button click I want to be able to display a view (a rounded rectangle with profile info) on top of the current view (a list of all profiles) blurred in the background. My code basically looks like this with some stuff removed for readability: var body: some View {. Sep 27, 2020 · I want to make a blurry header like the iOS 14 AppLibrary. } You then simply access these from elsewhere in your code like any other SwiftUI Color. medium, . 0)) Vibrancy. @State var blurRadius : CGFloat = 0. You can hide the background of any scrollable content using scrollContentBackground(. Here’s my SwiftUI form with a multi-line text field: This shows up with a gray background by default: What’s confusing is that you cannot change that light gray default background by applying a background modifier. var body: some View {. background(Color. isLoggedIn {. extraLight) -> UIVisualEffectView {. However, I've not found a way to get a transparent (or My goal is to create a blur view like the view on the top right corner of the below image. this is the code i used Blurred widget background. Happy coding! Jul 15, 2022 · You can achieve this with a simpler code. Hey everyone, Some of the built-in iOS 14 widgets, like batteries or Siri Shortcuts, have a semi-transparent, blurred background to them, much like to new sidebars in macOS Big Sur. Code: ZStack {. @jakcharvat. You can now adjust the minimum height of a row, edge insets, section headers, and footers with ease. HStack {. The code below adds a box around the title text and works just fine, I just want the white to be blurred. Apple uses this look all over the place in their own apps. background view modifier work on any list after that. For example, this has no effect: Oct 13, 2023 · . overlay which is tappable and appears when you tap on the menu. background modifier to apply the blur effect to the background of the view instead of the view itself. Because of its physical depth, the glass background influences z-axis layout. Also add the image of Swift logo to see more clearly the difference of the blur effect with the background underneath. white. Runs the specified action when the system provides a background task. riv file. struct Aug 25, 2023 · In iOS 16. For your use case, you may want to duplicate the image and blur the top one to make the glass illusion. Shadow API takes 3 parameters as follows, color - Shadow's color. hidden) modifier. May 27, 2021 · To implement a background blur effect in SwiftUI, I am using the Apple-provided VisualEffectBlur. static let background = Color(UIColor. This creates a glass-like effect that we see in iOS notifications, macOS dock and menu bar background, and other places. background modifier and specify the color you want. Secondly, it's not fair for your app to blur someone else's widget or receive special treatment. A style that reflects the current tint color. For example, this places some text over an image, applying a standard blur effect to the text: ZStack { Image("singapore") Text("Visit Singapore") . When tapping on the overlay or a menu item, set it back to false. Use the . Style = . When I say "shape style", I'm talking about styles that conform to the ShapeStyle protocol, such as: Colors. Background Tasks help apps respond to system events and keep time-sensitive data up to date. top, 9. UI Design for Developers. 0 would be completely clear. presentationBackground(Color. A SwiftUI implementation of AppleCard's animated colorful blur background Jan 20, 2022 · Backgrounds and overlays in SwiftUI. As stated before I’ve added a Material. import SwiftUI. font(. Although this behavior doesn't seem to work correctly as the root node inside an App, it does seem to work if you move the blur and animation inside the View: struct RootView: View {. This will create a . let blurEffect = UIBlurEffect(style: style) let blurBackground = UIVisualEffectView(effect: blurEffect) addSubview(blurBackground) blurBackground 1. can someone help me with this. Text("Hello, World!") . background(background. I can only modify a sheet's content background. Learning SwiftUI has been a lot of fun. Apr 30, 2020 · Context menu background not updated. Luckily, this task is made significantly simple with SwiftUI and can Jan 4, 2024 · I am trying to make widget background Blurry or totally transparent if possible! and since I've already spent days searching for solution I started to believe apple has removed this feature! here is my widget code : Feb 13, 2022 · 6. After some research in the topic, the simplest way that I found was inside of the code shared by apple itself. padding(. background(. gray)) The optional here makes this a bit messy. title. Context menu shows previous colour which was set. A style appropriate for placeholder text. borderWidth = 4. toolbarBackground(. If it is Ok to also have a certain blur effect, you could use a view presenting a UIBlurEffect as the background for the text. You can implement an . May 13, 2023 · Here’s an example of how to add a background color to a SwiftUI view using the ZStack view: var body: some View {. Jan 30, 2018 · 3. Sep 5, 2019 · Just in case somebody wanted different way of doing this. When applied to a view that also has a contextMenu modifier when the context menu is shown it darkens the whole content. This one always keeps the right frame: public extension UIView {. hidden, for: . Starting from iOS 16 you can just use . However, I was always interested in learning something new. I will use @State variable to reach your thought. A style appropriate for elements that should match the background of their containing window. Jul '20. backgroundColor = UIColor. //if login. Nov 29, 2023 · Discover how to create a background blur effect and give more importance to your text in SwiftUI using the new materials. In the following example, we will create a blur effect over a text element: import SwiftUI struct BlurView Nov 8, 2018 · 2. blur modifier. A material isn’t a view, but adding a material is like inserting a translucent layer between the modified view and its background: The blurring effect provided by the material isn’t simple opacity. SwiftUI's Color has an opacity() function that returns another Color with the given opacity. blur isn’t the same thing as UIVisualEffectView. sRGBLinear, white: 0, opacity: 0. Firstly home screen background preferences are user-driven. 4 applying . com/amannayak0007/e Jan 15, 2024 · 2. import UIKit. To ensure that the effect renders properly when you add it to a collection of views in a ZStack, add the modifier to the stack rather We'll look at setting up and using a blur effect in Unity URP, this shader has a set of materials and has a render method to achieve the blur. clear) makes the . Oct 22, 2021 · I am new to SwiftUI. Forums > SwiftUI. systemMaterial. Sep 4, 2020 · From iOS 16. presentationBackground (_ style: S) with colours and blurs ( material types ). Wanna change background of TabView in swiftUI, first I tried to use background modifier but useless, then I found nothing in developer documents to resolve this issue. These can mostly be used as background for views and can be used to improve the overall app design. Build an app with SwiftUI Part 3. In this course we'll learn how to use design systems, set up break points, typography, spacing, navigation, size rules for adapting to the iPad, mobile and web versions, and different techniques that translate well from design to code. here you have the implementation for both iOS and macOS. blur(radius: 20) Oct 28, 2021 · Materials allow you to blur the background without changing the foreground content. cornerRadius = 12 // change this to your radius. Here’s the simpliest approach. I tried the below code. struct SnapshotData. For the moment SwiftUI doesnt provide a native way to create blur effect, and depending on your target it could be difficult to do. I know there is a simple native way to do this but I can't seem to find out how. Jun 4, 2019 · 0. github. thinMaterial) } Apr 22, 2021 · 4. It makes navigation easy to follow for the user thanks to the tab bar items at the bottom. You also have more control over colors and backgrounds than ever before. Aug 22, 2021 · I can't seem to find how to bring a view to the center like a popup and blur background like when you long press a message in the messages app. toolbarBackground( . #SwiftUI #Animation #Background #TutorialsLearn How to Create Animated Blur Gradient Background using SwiftUI. Button(action: {. You can use my existing asset or create a different design. Jul 26, 2023 · Step 2: Apply Background Color. In this article, I will go through all of the Jan 29, 2021 · The above code will open the fullscreen modal but its not transparent or blurred at all. With the Rive file that you exported, you can reference it in SwiftUI. I've created this masked blur effect (code below), it runs in SwiftUI, but uses UIViewRepresentable for the masking, is it possible to re-create the same effect, but just in pure SwiftUI? Here's the current code, if you run it, use your finger to drag on the screen, this moves the mask to reveal underneath. How can I achieve this using SwiftUI? Best to describe this is looking at spotify for example: Pink: Blue: It somehow samples the pixels and creates the ambient background. With iOS 14 the behavior has changed. borderColor = UIColor. blur(radius: 2) Download this as an Xcode project. Rectangle Background Drop Shadow Color 1: 16% #000000. Instead, it uses a platform-specific blending that produces an effect that resembles heavily frosted glass. thanks in advance. When tapping on the menu icon you can set a propertie to true. Now, to add background color, you use the . scenePhase) var scenePhase. Feb 23, 2020 · In SwiftUI the view behind the tab bar in a TabView will shine through as if the backside of the tab bar was frosted glass. map(AnyShapeStyle. . Aug 21, 2023 · Line 22: the background modifier created the glass panel itself. Color. Oct 11, 2020 · 28. @State private var isLoading = false. background view modifier to work on lists from now on. SwiftUI has a set of standard materials that allow you to make your views look magnificent in any context. opacity(0. Let’s explore some of those built-in stacking methods and what sort of UIs that Dec 16, 2020 · 9. Nov 24, 2019 · Using the Blur View. You will still get a transparency effect but now with an opaque view that doesn't mess up the shadow. But for your particular case the NavBar background should be already transparent by default - just remove the init(). We can change the status of State variable to control whether the background stacks (VStack, HStack or ZStack) need to be blur or not. ScrollView {. Different apps may have unique blurring needs as well. Nov 2, 2023 · SwiftUI gives us extraordinary control over how views are rendered, including the ability to apply real-time blurs, blend modes, saturation adjustment, and more. Feb 29, 2024 · But with the right SwiftUI modifiers — and maybe a sneaky call to UIKit — we can achieve some neat effects! Read on to learn few of the windowing tricks I learned making Clocks for Apple Vision Pro. MainView() //} else {. Background colour is updated for view, but it is not getting updated for the context menu. Inside the closure (lines 56–72) we define the content we want to show over the blurred-out one. pink. black) . Swift provides with different ways of displaying visual effects like blur and vibrancy effects. In SwiftUI, you can add a view as a background wtih the background(_:alignment:) view modifier. I talked a bit about it before. Oct 27, 2019 · Just make background colors clear and get rid of those test codes ;) iOS 16. Now we write the same code for the Blur2VC, the only different is the A material blurs a background that’s part of your app, but not what appears behind your app on the screen. Is there a way to apply a background to the sheet itself? SwiftUI for iOS 14. Just pass the material you want to use as a parameter. UIVisualEffectView can support multiple styles from ultra-thin to thick. fontWeight(. 1 day ago · Solving Uniformity Issues. For example, if you wanted to have the color be between completely opaque and completely clear, change: . Let’s start with the thing we all want to do at one point or another: remove the glass background from our window. init) ?? AnyShapeStyle(Color. all) RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 20) . I know how to do this with an AppKit storyboard-based application (with embedded SwiftUI views in NSHostingController containers). I have confirmed that this extracted snippet works as expected (background showing through the list) in iOS 13 Nov 14, 2021 · 1. blur in SwiftUI. Mar 14, 2023 · SwiftUI has a brilliantly simple equivalent to UIVisualEffectView, that combines ZStack, the background() modifier, and a range of built-in materials. ignoresSafeArea(. From the documentation: Allows views behind the presentation to show through translucent styles. struct CustomButton: View { @State private var buttonBackColor:Color = . struct ContentView: View {. ultraThinMaterial) in SwiftUI without it having a background color? It seems that it has some light white dim as a background because if it would just blur the background alone, it shouldn't show any color, only if content is scrolled behind. clear) Thanks. func backgroundTask<D, R>(BackgroundTask<D, R >, action: (D) async -> R) -> some Scene. var body: some WidgetConfiguration {. These effects automatically support both the light and dark modes. 3) . How to apply a blur to a view with a mask? 4. background () modifier on your View and pass in a color, gradient, image, or another view that you want to use as the background. An opacity of 1. Sep 20, 2021 · In iOS 15, we have materials for the background and foreground style modifiers in SwiftUI. It works for more colors. layer. SwiftUI Code. 4. Rectangle Background Drop Shadow 1: Blur = 8px, Spread = -1px. This defaults Mar 28, 2021 · So instead, I’m using . 4 it should be possible to use . I'm using material background in SwiftUI (introduced with iOS 15). Materials work by blurring the views behind them while keeping the edges sharp (not blurred). 5) Jan 22, 2022 · The rest is just for demo Text("Hello \nSwiftUI Blur Effect") . Dec 2, 2021 · 4. 0以降で呼び出し方が変わりました。iOS14以前の使い方は、（アーカイブ）【SwiftUI】Viewの背景設定と重ね合わせを参照してください。 Jan 2, 2023 · iOS 16. It can work for both Nav and Tab bar, or only for the one you choose (see this answer for NavBar colouring only). Instead of Objective-c/UIKit, I choose swift/swiftUI to start this. First was React. What it does is apply a gaussian blur. However I can't change the sheet's background. appearance(). @Environment(\. red. Make a transparent window. Specifies the preferred visibility of backgrounds on a bar managed by SwiftUI. bold() . systemBackground) static let secondaryBackground = Color(UIColor. Here is my code: After we finish all of code, we got this implementation. Make it cover the whole screen, it gets ignored by the Menu. Tapping the button triggers the blur effect and tapping the content disables it. 3 hrs. Implementing a blur effect in SwiftUI is straightforward. iOS Simulator: Desired outcome: Jun 20, 2015 · 7. Also, let’s add a static background with the Spline image. I've tried the top 3 answers of this post, but they all have the same problem—the blur view only has 1 co Mar 8, 2021 · Ok I figured out that you can change the background color in the Widget struct itself. You should hide the default list background and all cell's using the appearance property of the UITableView and UITableViewCell Dec 4, 2022 · You will see that indeed the background is black, but when you scroll the list up, as the red text disappears behind the navigation bar, there is a blurred effect in the navigation bar which is common in many Apple apps. Blur background with SwiftUI. Build a multi-platform app from scratch using the new techniques in iOS 14. Use presentationBackground to set desired background for modals (fullScreenCover, sheet, popover). Creating a transparent blur view in SwiftUI. A style appropriate for links. vertical, Oct 16, 2021 · How to set a custom background color for the NavigationStack. secondarySystemBackground) static let tertiaryBackground = Color(UIColor. leading){ ScrollView(. A code snippet below shows the init settings. public func addBlur(style: UIBlurEffect. answered May 21, 2020 at 2:41. First I used it on the whole background like this: I want to be able to place opaque SwiftUI views in front of the transparent window, so that a select portion of the window is transparent (or slightly blurred). At first I thought it was just a magnified and blurred copy of the album Image, like this: Image("album cover") . For example, the content on the Home Screen doesn’t affect the appearance of a widget. If no color is specified, it will use the default color value, which is - Color(. ignoresSafeArea() Text("Using ZStack") The Feb 25, 2022 · I'm creating a simple iOS app with SwiftUI, and I'd like to change my view's background color when switch toggle change. A nice way is to set the colors you want in Assets Catalog from the Widget -> WidgetBackground and add the following code in the struct: @main. fill(. resizable() . /Code : https://gist. Your code does not work because your RoundedRectangle contains black as its foreground color originally. 5). We'll show you how to use Swift Concurrency to handle network responses, background refresh, and more — all while preserving performance and power. white) } } } Add Own solution Log in , to leave a comment Sep 16, 2019 · makes the . You can simply pass the style using VisualEffectBlur(blurStyle: . app for Android, a platform I have been working on for the past 5-6 years. blue. You can use AnyShapeStyle to erase the types, converting both Color and BackgroundStyle to AnyShapeStyle. Feb 6, 2021 · 4. clipShape(Rectangle())) Spacer() . import SwiftUI struct ContentView: View { var body: some View { ZStack { Color. Dec 1, 2022 · SwiftUI’s toolbarBackground() modifier lets us customize the way toolbars look in our app, controlling the styling of NavigationStack, TabView, and other toolbars as needed. Code: struct ContentView: View {. frame(width: 200, height: 200) } } } Dec 1, 2022 · You can blur anything you want, including text views: Text("Welcome to my SwiftUI app") . But I want to display the view+app logo. This is what I get: is there something else I need to do? Reference to where I got the above code from: SwiftUI: Translucent background for fullScreenCover Jun 26, 2021 · How can I have a Blur effect as a Background in SwiftUI? 7. 33) radius - This is a measure of how much to blur the shadow. To solve uniformity issues when using a blur effect, Lazy VStack, and a sticky header, you can try the following: Use the . But how do I add it to a view in SwiftUI? Here's an example from the Podcasts app. red) This piece of code will make the background color of the HStack red. For example: Sep 17, 2020 · In iOS 13 I was successful in making the List transparent, so that the background will show through, by setting UITableView attributes in an init (). With this tutorial, you should be able to create beautiful lists with SwiftUI. yellow) I want the edge of the red overlay to be like so: In essence I want the red view to blur anything below it and have a sharp edge: Using @Asperi's BackgroundBlurView also doesn't work May 21, 2020 · Let's take a look. 0 would be the same color, while an opacity of 0. So I am building a custom component and the figma file has the following parameters. When clicked - two buttons are displayed. Blurring is extremely efficient, and you can adjust it dynamically just like any other kind of state. So in my app I just do. I believe you can do it by making your FormView background transparent, rather than the newer . The associated data of a snapshot background task. padding() . If you add the text line back in, the navigation bar becomes completely transparent when you scroll the list up. func makeUIView(context: Context) -> UIVisualEffectView {. Handling background tasks. Jan 5, 2021 · Text("Hello World") Spacer() . I would use a Bool instead, to indicate whether to use the background style. struct NavWithBackground: View {. Check this image: I have something like this code: GeometryReader { proxy in ZStack(alignment: . I am not sure about how to change the background color of the ScrollView. This effect enhances the sense of depth and contrast by pulling color from the background layer. @main struct MyApp: App { init() { // Work around SwiftUI's ridiculous lack of a way to set a list view's background color. Below is what I am trying to get to . blur(radius: 16). My code struct ContentView: View { @State private var isOnLight: B Sep 30, 2019 · 設定背景顏色. ultraThinMaterial in order to add the translucent effect using simple SwiftUI components. swift file ( Fruta) in the article. For Swift programming related content, visit r/Swift. You need to change 2 properies of your visual effect view, cornerRadius and clipsToBounds. I know a bit of Java and Kotlin and do most of my prototyping in Android Studio. I am trying to achieve when the toolbar is pressed and the buttons are now displayed, the view (or background) becomes blurred/grayed out, except for the newly produced items. Your appplication’s response to a snapshot background task. appearance() in the app. let view = UIVisualEffectView(effect: UIBlurEffect(style: style)) view. . ZStack {. You can observe these blur effects throughout iOS like in app library, control center and app dock. Materials (blur effects) Gradients Apr 7, 2021 · In UIKit, we have to manually create a background view and make sure it sits at the back. iOS 15 and below. cgColor. I attached a screenshot of the desired effect I am aiming for. In previous blog posts, I’ve dissected the art of SwiftUI presentations and navigation, from presenting views in SwiftUI using sheets, modals, popovers, and alerts to navigating better in SwiftUI with Feb 24, 2022 · I really like the way that these backgrounds echo the color of the album cover, but I'm not entirely sure how I could implement something similar, given an Image. You can provide multiple placements to customize multiple bars at once, as in the following example: TabView { NavigationView { ContentView() . 4+ iOS 16. 1. padding(7) Use this modifier to add a 3D glass background material that includes thickness, specularity, glass blur, shadows, and other effects. tertiarySystemBackground) #endif. Here's a simple example where the background of a Text view is set to a color: Text("Hello, SwiftUI!") . It makes the edges fuzzy! So it won’t work to provide blur as a window to things underneath, the way UIVisualEffectView does. Adding a material background layer allows us to consider applying a vibrancy effect to the foreground content. It's showing blur as expected. presentationBackground() modifier that can be used to set a background material to a popover or a modal presented view. zIndex modifier to adjust the z-index of the view to ensure that it appears above May 2, 2021 · I have been told that I should change the background color of my ScrollView and set my view's background as clear. systemThinMaterial). The tab bar has the frosted glass effect. Oct 27, 2021 · It‘s pretty much just a combination of our old view and the new modifier from above: Lines 55–73 is the implementation of our modifier from above. largeTitle) . answered Aug 20, 2019 at 17:48. thinMaterial, in: RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10. Feb 1, 2023 · SwiftUI 4 brings many great improvements to the List view. This is what I currently have Jan 17, 2021 · Using the blur modifier. Feb 14, 2024 · The background should reflect / match the current image. frame(width: 128) . For example, this shows a list of 100 rows using a teal background color for the navigation bar: UI Design for Developers. Oct 29, 2020 · Here is bit hacky solution that avoids overriding UIToolbar. Your makeUIView function would look like. Jul 20, 2020 · The effect I am trying to get to is a blur effect that when a sheet is presented, its background is blurred and partly transparent. padding() // Add some padding around the text. tabBar) } } . We'll use the Sidebar and Lazy Grids to make the layout adaptive for iOS, iPadOS, macOS Big Sur and we'll learn the new Matched Geometry Effect to create beautiful transitions between screens without the complexity. // Oddly, this will enable the . Oct 14, 2019 · 1. I am trying to add a gaussian blur to a layer that uses backgroundColor. struct SnapshotResponse. large]) . All we need to do is to use the . presentationBackground. Let’s take a look at how we can use them. Just add . wy ae uq dw qw fz ky ty rx dw
