Icrc internship. Learn more about our activities and employees.
May 16, 2024 · The Fourth Geneva Convention, adopted 75 years ago, was the first humanitarian law convention dedicated to humanitarian protections for civilians during armed conflict. Are you interested in humanitarian work and internships? Apply for the ICRC internship opportunity and join a diverse and professional team in various fields. ICRC New Delhi. The ICRC’s regional delegation for the UK and Ireland builds support for the organization’s global operations and furthers understanding of IHL. Ten students from our LLM in International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights and MAS in Transitional Justice who graduated in October 2021 are starting a one-year traineeship at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) headquarters in Geneva. Internships year round, including summer, fall, winter and spring in Washington DC and regional Aug 11, 2020 · IHL Day 2020: Preserving human dignity in times of armed conflict. You will take part in an onboarding course and follow continuous training, in order to build your career within the ICRC and beyond. It is considered unethical for a counselor to: Correct Answer: b. Feb 8, 2023 · The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), is recruiting an Intern (Humanitarian Fellow) for a period of three (03) months, for ICRC Sub Delegation in Peshawar. I remember how we all worked day and night for the moot court – from participant lists, to fixing agendas to conducting energizers and ensuring that it all went smoothly! Another major highlight for me was being a part ICRC economic security staff are responsible for carrying out emergency-relief distributions of food, material items and cash, as well as food-security and livelihood programmes. In Japan, the ICRC works with the Japanese Red The ICRC in the Republic of Korea works to promote our role and mandate among the Korean authorities and the public. The traineeship should begin on in February 2022 for a period of 1 year. ICRC Logistics. Apoorva Bose, 3 April 2019. Posted by International Committee of the Red Cross New York, NY. We also look for people with military or Oct 13, 2019 · The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Peshawar is pleased to announce one internship for a period of three months. Stay tuned for our next events. Career In Detention Ircr. 44 Moorfields, London, EC2Y 9AL, UK. The Movement is a global humanitarian network comprising the ICRC, National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). Explore our global reach. All current vacancies are published on our jobs page. Not many questions about the ICRC, but more on the candidate's personality. In Pakistan, the ICRC has been active since 1947. internship. We also help reunite families through our If selected for an internship, you will be required to complete employment forms provided by the Red Cross human resources department. Write to us. Aug 15, 2022 · The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Islamabad is pleased to announce its yearly Humanitarian Fellowship (Internship Program) for 2022. Interested candidates must have at least 8 years post-graduate forensic case-work experience and be fluent in English. The Philippine Red Cross (PRC) is our primary partner in helping people affected by armed conflicts. Such internship opportunity would allow an individual to have general understanding of the ICRC, its mandate and activities in Pakistan. The questions range from factual information about what the ICRC and the Movement do on access to education, or what the Geneva Conventions say about May 3, 2024 · Our work in Pakistan. Our global talent pool is a database of diverse professionals who are interested in working at the ICRC. Fellowships. Interns engage in a variety of responsibilities, from supporting fieldwork and research projects to assisting with logistics and community outreach efforts. The ICRC continuously recruits qualified Forensic practitioners. They take action in response to emergencies and, at the same time, promote Oct 10, 2022 · The ICRC’s Regional Delegation to the UK and Ireland has two offices, one in London and one in Belfast. The ICRC is always looking for professionals in these areas: medicine and health care, forensics, engineering, water and habitat, agronomy, veterinary medicine, logistics, supply-chain management, economic security and relief, finance, IT, HR, humanitarian law and mine clearance. ICRC Traineeship 2023. Key international policies that originate at the UN in New York can affect the ICRC’s field operations and development of the law and policy. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) works worldwide to provide humanitarian assistance to people affected by conflict and armed violence. Prepare Your Application. Purpose: ICRC internship program aims at promoting the general understanding of the ICRC, its mandate and activities in Pakistan and provide an opportunity for students to gain exposure to the work environment of the ICRC in Pakistan. Contact us. Through its expert services on IHL and other relevant norms, it supports the inclusion of these norms in relevant structures and systems. According to the ICRC’s definition, migrants are people who leave or flee their usual place of residence in search of safety or better opportunities abroad, and who may be in distress and in need of protection or humanitarian assistance. It is the largest humanitarian network in the world, working collectively to alleviate human suffering and promote humanitarian values. Gain real-world experience with an internship at the American Red Cross, one of the nation’s leading non-profits. Note that the requirements for employees under resident contracts are usually determined on a case-by-case basis. As a fully integrated member of the Data Protection Office (DPO), the Associate will support the Data Protection Objectives. The internship provides a platform where students dedicate themselves to protecting and assisting victims of armed conflict and other security-related Sep 6, 2023 · ICRC delegates usually work knowing that war's end – whether by decisive victory or negotiated peace – will not come any time soon. Deadline February 17, 2023. Aug 30, 2018 · As an intern at ICRC, I had the opportunity of experiencing it from the flip side – as an organizer and not a participant. Le CICR propose des stages et d'autres opportunités professionnelles au sein de départements variés, la plupart basés au siège de Genève ou, dans quelques rares cas, dans les délégations diplomatiques du reste du monde. We engage in discussions with the Republic of Korea on major global humanitarian affairs and policies, and we raise awareness of international humanitarian law in the armed forces and academic circles. Working Location: Bajcsy-Zsilinszky út 5, 1065, Budapest. Each year, nearly 80 associates (i. A year before the 75th anniversary of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, on October 31, the Gross monthly salary: 3,840. This experience enabled me to know the ICRC’s field activities, and I was always inspired by a range of ICRC’s work during my internship period. mopha@icrc. The ICRC’s forensic services promote and support forensic best practices, in order to ensure the proper management and identification of dead bodies and to help prevent and resolve the tragedy of people unaccounted for as a result of armed conflict and other situations of armed violence. The ICRC’s regional delegation for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay is based in Brasilia, with offices in Fortaleza and São Paulo in Brazil and a mission in Buenos Aires in Argentina. How to apply: If interested, please send the following items in ENGLISH to: bud_hrrecruitment_services@icrc. To apply: Interested candidates should send their complete application (cover letter, résumé/CV and the 2013 internship application form), in either English or French to: internship. Career At Redcross Nigeria. What We Offer: Rewarding diverse work in a humanitarian and multicultural environment. The ICRC is a Permanent Observer to the United Nations. Their contract type is different from that of employees under mobile contracts, who rotate every few years to work in different countries. Contract type. Amongst its numerous protective rules, it provides the main rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) governing the exceptional practice of internment of protected persons Feb 15, 2020 · Written by by Yuki Saito, Masters Student, Graduate Program on Human SecurityEdited by Aiko Jane Kihara-HuntI undertook a three-month internship at the ICRC in Jakarta. BEFORE APPLYING FOR A POSITION. Geneva. Monday - Friday. Because we are neutral, impartial and independent, we can reach those who need us when others cannot, providing humanitarian assistance, protecting lives, upholding rights, and relieving the suffering of people around the world whose lives have been torn apart by armed Aksi ICRC didasarkan pada Konvensi Jenewa 1949, Protokol-protokol Tambahan, Anggaran Dasar ICRC dan Gerakan Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah Internasional, dan resolusi Konferensi Internasional Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah. We take action, not sides. Intern jobs 48,214 open jobs Manager jobs International Committee of the Red Cross - ICRC | 1,225,883 followers on LinkedIn. We receive contributions from the states party to the Geneva Conventions (governments), National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, supranational organizations (such as the European Commission) and other public and private sources. Jan 17, 2022 · The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Islamabad is pleased to announce its yearly internship Program for 2022. It hosts the Somalia delegation, a humanitarian hub supporting the wider African region and the Logistics Support Centre, one of the largest ICRC logistics facilities. The ICRC’s activities in Japan date back to the First World War, when we visited prisoners of war (POWs) in Japan and Siberia. ICRC adalah organisasi yang netral dan mandiri yang bertujuan untuk menjamin perlindungan dan bantuan kemanusiaan bagi korban konflik bersenjata dan situasi The International Committee of the Red Cross ( ICRC; French: Comité International de la Croix-Rouge) is a humanitarian organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, and is a three-time Nobel Prize laureate. Ten Graduating Students Start a One-Year Traineeship at the ICRC. We live in a war-torn world, where millions of people have their lives destroyed by conflict. ICRC is also charged with providing education and services to the public to ensure equal opportunity for all Hoosiers and ICRC New Delhi hosts a panel discussion on ‘How IHL develops’ at the launch of one of the newest editions of the International Review of the Red Cross. This article covers what I performed and learned through the internship programme. ICRC. Course. The IHL Department seeks a post-graduate humanitarian with legal knowledge and strong interest in IHL for 2 periods of internship, each period lasting 3 months. treat client problems that are beyond his skill level When participating in the screening process, a counselor must also be skilled in: Correct Answer: b. We are an independent and neutral organization, and our For the latest news about ICRC’s work in Israel and the Occupied Territories, please visit our website. In the region, the ICRC works in partnership with local governments, organizations and communities. Career Options International Humanitarian Law. The ICRC works with the Indonesian Red Cross Society and the Timor-Leste Red Cross to respond to various humanitarian situations, build the capacity of first responders with regard to issues such as pre-hospital care, reunite separated families, prepare for emergencies and apply the safer access framework. You can also find more detailed information in the following pages: Frequently asked questions on ICRC’s work in Israel and the occupied territories; Information for people affected in Gaza and the West Bank May 11, 2021 · The International Humanitarian Law (IHL) Department of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Bangkok Regional Delegation is accepting applications for internship. Comite Dela Croix Rouge. ICRC mulai bekerja di Indonesia sejak tahun 1942 ketika Jepang menduduki Indonesia. It also works closely with Pakistan Red Crescent in the fields of emergency response and community based risk education. The ICRC’s headquarters manages the organization’s role as an advocate and defender of international humanitarian law, working with governments and with partners in the humanitarian community. Go to the Irish Red Cross page. The interview went well, with nice and decontracted people. The positions are based at ICRC headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Please note that we do not accept unsolicited applications. 26-02-2024. Please ensure that your CV and cover letter reflect your motivation to join the ICRC. Protection / Human Rights / IHL / Humanitarian Diplomacy / Detention. JOBS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLICY. At present, it works in the field of physical rehabilitation of people with disabilities, health, forensics, promotion of humanitarian law and restoring family links. 18 Jul 2024. Jul 7, 2024 · Vacancies. Adviser on addressing Harmful Information. s, support ICRC operations and promote NIIHA. making referrals Which JOBS IN FORENSICS. Comite International Geneve Icrc. This internship program allows for a general understanding of the ICRC, its mandate and activities in Pakistan and provide an opportunity for students to gain exposure to the work Location. Tentang. Employees under local contracts represent around two-thirds of the ICRC total workforce and take diverse roles in their field of expertise. The Intern (Humanitarian We also carry out detention work in the country and support the promotion of international humanitarian law (IHL) for troops deployed in operations outside the country. Thursday, November 21st 2024, from 06:30 to 12:30 CET Impactpool virtual career fair for Asia-Pacific nationals Thursday, September 26th 2024, from 14:00 - 19:00 CET Impactpool virtual career fair for Latin America and the Caribbean See all ICRC careers events > Jan 17, 2022 · The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Islamabad is pleased to announce its yearly internship Program for 2022. Region Switzerland. Institution. The Geneva Conventions are among the very few international Humanitarian needs are enormous around the world, but together we can address them. Washington DC-Baltimore Area. The deadline to apply is 7 July 2024. Title: Internship Application Form 2010 Author: ICRC Last modified by: ICRC Created Date: 6/5/2012 6:25:00 AM Company: ICRC Other titles: Internship Application Form 2010 Kenya. We enhance the PRC’s capacity to respond safely to emergencies through Apr 1, 2019 · This Q&A offers preliminary responses to ten frequently asked questions which the ICRC has addressed, in particular since the launch of its framework and strategy on access to education in 2017. -Researched and analyzed information on the Russo-Ukrainian War. X. Knowledge of a second language of interest for the organization such as French, Arabic or Spanish is a strong asset. Internships & Volunteer Opportunities. Cite 3 qualities and 3 defaults of yours. Bagikan artikel ini. Explore our global reach | International Committee of the Red Cross. In Our regional delegation in Paris promotes international humanitarian law (IHL) and facilitates ICRC-principled operations through humanitarian diplomacy in the form of dialogue with the government, military, parliament and diplomatic officials, and through cooperation with National Societies, to protect, assist and ensure respect for civilians and detainees in armed conflict and other ÉTUDIANTS, DIPLÔMÉS ET CIVILISTES. This is achieved, in particular, by delivering the legal expertise necessary to back the ICRC’s actions in its dialogue with parties to armed conflict and by influencing key players and decision-makers on IHL issues. As a Master’s candidate in International law at the prestigious Graduate Institute in Geneva specialising in international Humanitarian Law, I was wondering if there were internship opportunities in ICRC from June to mid September,2019. In 1942, during the Second World War, we set up a delegation in the country to visit POWs, help reconnect families with their loved ones who were captured abroad and provide assistance to victims of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima. We take action in response to emergencies and at the same time promote respect for international humanitarian law. International Committee of the Red Cross - ICRC. Their objective is to guarantee the Luxembourg. The International Committee of the Red Cross, ICRC internship is an invaluable opportunity for university students and graduates interested in pursuing a career in international humanitarian law. 8am – 5pm. The ICRC Delegation in New York City plays a key role in humanitarian diplomacy. Max term contract. Where we work. The ICRC Academy offers additional opportunities to get involved with the FNUSA-ICRC. Internees will get a Monthly stipend of 15000 Pkr during this program. Learn more about our activities and employees. e. The Committee announced Red Cross Internship for the duration of 3 months and will pay 15,000/- PKR per month. Every open Internship position at ICRC in Legal. More. Our humanitarian work involves promoting Jun 28, 2024 · Interview questions [1] Question 1. Here are some tips and tricks to help you maximize your likelihood of being contacted by our recruitment team. Jan 27, 2020 · ICRC Internship 2020. org (quote reference The ICRC is funded by voluntary contributions. You can check the status of your application at any time. And you'll have the chance to apply what you've learned in your academic studies in a challenging and stimulating work setting. All the candidates who want to apply for the Jun 12, 2017 · Deadline Date: Saturday, 24 June 2017 Organization: International Committee of the Red Cross Country: Switzerland City: Geneve The Learning and Development Division is offering 1 year full time paid traineeship Read more Paid e-learning internship for HR at ICRC Oct 9, 2023 · The ICRC's presence in the GCC countries was established in Kuwait during the 1990 –1991 Gulf War with support from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 00 CHF. The activities are diverse and aim at ensuring that people affected by conflict and other situations of violence are able to meet their most urgent needs in times of Mar 18, 2022 · In my case, I started my internship at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), on 6th September 2021 and finished on 7th January 2022. ICRC training for BRIMOB on sexual Details. 2 – Screening of your application. Commite Geneve. The work and daily life of our teams vary from one country to another. This means that each interned person must be The Accountant will perform financial data collection, data verifying and data recording in the accounting system as well as reconciling and analysing the accounting records and financial reports of the ICRC’s Regional Delegation in Jakarta. Most internships are in the fields of law, communication, protection and humanitarian diplomacy. 8am - 5pm. Whether you are looking for a new role or curious about our future opportunities, our team will engage you to explore your interests in working with us. The duration of the Internship Program is three months, ICRC is offering an internship for Undergraduates & Post Graduates students. The aim of our internship programme is to give the interns exposure to ILO daily work over a three to six month period. We do not offer summer internships. And, to gain exposure to a real work environment of the ICRC. Our lectures, field trips, seminars and internships provide you with a unique opportunity to gain insight into the world of clinical research. In more than 90 countries around the world we work to provide protection and assistance to people whose lives have been torn apart by armed conflict. The ICRC has been present in Kenya since 1973, and the regional delegation undertakes humanitarian activities in Kenya, Djibouti and Tanzania. They also contribute to reaffirming, clarifying and The ICRC offers students and young professionals opportunities within a variety of departments at our headquarters in Geneva or, in a few cases, at our diplomatic delegations around the world. 4 days ago · An ICRC internship provides a unique opportunity to work with a leading humanitarian organization. Since o pening our Kuala Lumpur office in 1973, we h ave been worki ng in various capacities with the Malaysian authorities and other parties to promote detainee well-being and respect for international humanitarian law (IHL) and to You will benefit from a competitive employment package, including different possibilities for career and personal development. Results 1 – 100 of 105. It is to announce applications are now open to apply for ICRC Internship 2020. Read the full job description and application procedure here. -Investigated the . We seek to secure political Candidates for a local contract position usually need to be nationals of the country they are applying to or to hold a working visa. 06-03-2024. Posting date. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) works worldwide to provide protection and humanitarian assistance to people affected by conflict and armed violence. Application documents required: diplomas, work certificates, scan colour of passport - please upload it on your profile. Selections are made based on many elements of a candidate’s background, including a demonstrated commitment to service, academic achievement, leadership, past employment, and extracurricular activities that relate to the work of the Commission. Open positions in the United Nations: new job openings and vacancies. The ICRC’s delegation in Jordan is also a key logistical, training and fleet hub for the ICRC’s Dec 28, 2023 · Answer about 2 weeks after the application, interview in the following week. Collect and analyse financial data and information. Our main office also handles funding appeals, human resources and global communications. 1. As I got involved with ICRC’s work more, my Jan 29, 2021 · The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has offered Red Cross Internship Program in Islamabad and Peshawar. We take action in response to emergencies and, at the same time, promote respect for international humanitarian law. With every new armed conflict we confront, we know that chances are high it will drag on long enough to affect a generation or more – hindering possibilities for development and draining resources. Helpful. . WHAT WE LOOK FOR. Nationality : Hungarian applicants will be considered with priority. This internship allows for a general understanding of the ICRC, its mandate and activities in Pakistan and provides an opportunity for students to gain exposure to a robust work environment. Other regions we support: The ICRC office in Uganda operates under the ICRC regional delegation covering Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi. 6 days ago · ICRC | International Committee of the Red Cross. You will meet interesting people from the world of science and research, establish contacts, deepen your knowledge Job opportunities. Application deadline: 28 May 2023. The ICRC values diversity and is committed to building an inclusive working environment. 10/11/2023 , Events / International Humanitarian Law / South Asia. 18 January 2022. Refugees and asylum seekers, who enjoy specific protection under international law, fall into this category. Our headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland, and provides a diverse environment for: 1) some 1,000 staff; 2) more than 160 different ICRC legal advisers work to foster respect for and promotion of IHL. Answer question. We work together to provide the basics of life – food, water, shelter and health care – when there are gaps in the overall response. The Department of International Law and Policy contributes to the promotion, clarification and development of international humanitarian law (IHL). 9am – 5pm. You'll work alongside and learn from professionals who are experts in their field. They gave me an exam with three parts: part 1, write a 300-word summary for a report; part 2, write an article on one of the several topics provided; part 3, revise a report and make it more readable. As we commemorate International Humanitarian Law Day on this day, 12 August, we recall the Geneva Conventions which came into being on this same day, 12 August, 71 years ago, in the aftermath of the Second World War. Paid. org. Looking forward to a response at your earliest convenience. The organization has played an instrumental role in the development of rules of war and promoting humanitarian norms. The ICRC opened its Delegation for Cyberspace and Global Cyber Hub in November 2022 in Luxembourg to be more deliberate about how to address specific issues identified vis-à-vis its capacity to continue delivering on its humanitarian mandate in adherence to its Fundamental Principles, in an increasingly digital and connected world. Interview questions [1] Question 1. The ICRC works closely with National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and with their International Federation in order to ensure a concerted, rational and rapid humanitarian response to the needs of the victims of armed conflict or any other situations of violence. Therefore, internment is a security measure, and cannot be used as a form of punishment. Governments are our main donors: on average during the past five Feb 22, 2022 · The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Peshawar is pleased to announce its yearly internship Program for 2022. 16-04-2024. To apply for an internship at the ILO, you must be enrolled in the last year of a graduate degree (Master or equivalent) or in a higher degree programme relevant to the ILO's work or have completed such a programme in the year The ICRC’s earliest activities in Malaysia w ere at the end of the Second World War, when we carried out visits to Japanese prisoners of war in Central Malaya. The all-new BMW X5. I hope this short report contributes to raising awareness of the ICRC and its great internship opportunities. internsHip positions The ICRC offers a limited number of remunerated post-graduate internships for periods of six to 12 months at its headquarters in Geneva. In an international armed conflict, protected civilians may be interned, i. The Internship will start from 1 st August and 1 st September 2024. The ICRC will consider the “whole candidate” when making selections for the internship program. As an intern at the IFRC, you'll gain first-hand experience of what it's like to work for the world’s largest humanitarian network. Number of Internships: 03 Internship Period: Three months Internship Location: Islamabad, Pakistan Purpose: ICRC internship program aims at promoting the general understanding of the ICRC, its mandate and activiti. Usai kemerdekaan, ICRC terus hadir untuk memberikan bantuan kemanusiaan, termasuk obat-obatan melalui PMI. Keberadaan ICRC dipermanenkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia tahun 1979. You should be able to find more within the job description or during the recruitment process. In July 2022 and March 2023, the ICRC signed a country host agreement with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the UAE and Qatar respectively. Internships are also available in specialized units such as Current Job At Icrc. The delegation has an operational and a diplomatic identity. May 2024 - Present 2 months. Building on our core principle of humanity, the ICRC has been working with vulnerable communities in Pakistan since 1947, ensuring basic health care that meets universally recognized standards and providing physical rehabilitation services and community-based risk education. Estimated start date: 3 July 2023. The role of the ICRC is to direct and coordinate the international activities conducted by the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in armed conflicts and other situations of violence. Amid the chaos and despair of conflict, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a unique sign of hope to those whose lives have been shattered by war. 2. JERUSALEM (JER) Job field. This practical experience allows individuals to learn from seasoned professionals, apply Jun 4, 2024 · ICRC Work in Detention - You missed it. Liberty University. Jul 22, 2022 · The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Peshawar is pleased to announce Internship for the period of three months starting from 15 th August 2022. interns), join our teams to develop their expertise and benefit from an enriching professional experience in the Nov 25, 2022 · ICRC Test 70 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS. FUNCTION: PLACE OF EMPLOYMENT: Intern, 2022 (July – Dec) TokyoBACKGROUNDThe ICRC Delegation in Japan is present for more than 12 years, with its mission to influence global humanitarian policies, mobilize intellectual, technical and financial resourc. Applying to the ICRC takes time and thought. 20,000 staff, 100 countries, 1 mission: to uphold IHL and protect The ICRC's Data Protection Office is offering one paid traineeship for a period of one year at its headquarters in Geneva. We are currently looking for: Our next EU Legal and Advocacy Officer who will be leading RCEU work on Social Economy and implementing the Social Economy Humanitarian Diplomacy Strategy. It is a ‘Global Reach’ delegation that seeks to improve the UK and Ireland’s decision-making, policy and practice on issues regarding conflict, humanitarian action, IHL and 1 – Application. Verify payment or cash request and expenditure In Jordan, the ICRC visits detainees and helps them restore contact with their families, helps civilians restore contact with their families, promotes international humanitarian law, and supports the Jordan National Red Crescent Society. The Indiana Civil Rights Commission (ICRC) enforces civil rights laws to ensure equal opportunity in the areas of employment, housing, public accommodations, education, and lending. +44 20 3943 5048. Follow us on LinkedIn to keep up-to-date on any Recruited interns will be offered a 12-month paid contract. Cicr Career. , subjected tonon-criminal detention based on the serious threat that their activity poses to the security of the detaining authority. JOBS IN RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT COOPERATION. jz bq ox dn rj zk xv vg mf pg
